2009年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列文章译成汉语（50分）It is said that the Inuit have many words for snow,but when it comes to the Northwest Passage only one type of frozen water matters:multiyear ice.It can slice through the hull of a ship like a knife through butter and it persists in the passage’s waters despite unprecedented warming in the Arctic Ocean,thwarting shippers in search of a shortcut between Europe and Asia.The fabled Northwest Passage has made headlines ever since it thawed last year for the first time.For three centuries the quest for an expedited route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans rivaled today’s space race,with European superpowers vying for the prize.Hundreds of sailors and countless expeditions ventured into Canada’s Arctic waters,including such naval luminaries as Sir Francis Drake,Captain James Cook and the ill-fated Henry Hudson,who left his name—and lost his life—on the Canadian bay that marks its entrance.Now,with the Arctic’s sea ice shrinking at a rate of10percent per decade,this coveted shipping lane has opened for business—but shippers are not rushing to use it.The reason:as fate would have it,global warming appears to also be increasing the amount of potentially deadly multiyear ice chunks lurking in the newly opened pathway.“The thing is,the Canadian Arctic has a totally different ice regime than the Arctic Ocean,”says Stephen Howell,a climatologist at the Interdisciplinary Centeron Climate Change at the University of Waterloo in Ontario.In fact,the Canadian Arctic Archipelago acts as a“drain trap”for ship-wrecking multiyear ice,Howell says.This year,for example,when the first-year ice in the passage had melted,it opened the way for multiyear ice(MYI)from the Queen Elizabeth Islands to flow into and clog the Northwest Passage.“We call it a ‘MYI invasion’and that’s going to be the threat as we transition to an ice-free summertime Arctic,”he says.“The first-year ice,that’s sort of like Swiss cheese and you can just plow through it,”Howell says.This ice freezes over a winter and is seldom thicker than three feet(one meter).Often,first-year ice melts the summer after it’s frozen,but if it doesn’t,it becomes thicker the following winter and becomes multiyear ice.“The multiyear ice isn’t like Swiss cheese;it’s solid and trouble”for ships that collide with it,he says.(392)【参考译文】据说因纽特人有很多描述雪的词语，但就西北航道而论，只有一种冰冻水是重要的：多年冰。
多年冰可以像刀切黄油一样划开船身。
即使北冰洋正遭遇前所未有的变暖现象，这些冰层仍顽固地存在于航道的水域中，阻碍着那些寻找欧亚间通行捷径的船只。
自去年西北航道首次融冰，这条充满传奇色彩的航线就成了头条新闻。
三个世纪以来，在大西洋与太平洋之间寻找迅捷航路的过程堪比今日的太空竞赛，欧洲各超级大国相互角逐。
数百名水手和无数支探险队冒险进入加拿大北极圈的水域。
他们中间知识渊博的人不乏著名的航海家：弗朗西斯·德拉克爵士、库克船长，以及命运悲惨的亨利·哈德逊——他把名字留在了加拿大海湾的入口处，而自己也丧命于此。
如今，随着北冰洋的冰层以每十年10%的速率收缩，这条众人垂涎已久的航线已经可以通航。
然而，船主们并没有一拥而上。
原因是注定的：全球变暖似乎也将增加多年冰的数量，这些冰块暗藏于新开辟的航道中，具有潜在的致命危险。
“问题是加拿大北极区域的冰层情况与北冰洋的完全不同”。
斯蒂芬·豪威尔说，他是安大略省滑铁卢大学气候变化跨学科研究中心的气候学家。
事实上，对于易引发船难的多年冰而言，加拿大北极群岛实际上就像一个“排水阱”，豪威尔如是说。
举例来说，当今年西北航线上的一年冰融化时，多年冰就可以从伊丽莎白女王群岛一路流入西北航线造成拥塞。
“我们把这种情况叫做‘多年冰入侵’，在北极进入无冰夏季后，它将对航运造成威胁。
”他说。
“一年冰就像是瑞士乳酪，你可以啃上一口。
”豪威尔说。
这种冰是在一个冬天里冻结起来的，厚度很少超过3英尺（1米）。
通常一年冰在冻结之后的那个夏天里就融化了，而没有融化的那些就会在往后的冬天里结得更厚，形成多年冰。
“多年冰可不像瑞士乳酪，它们很坚硬，（船只撞上它们就会）很麻烦。
”他说。
二、将下列短文译成汉语（25分）We,the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G-20,have a common goal of promoting employment,welfare and development in our countries.We are convinced that strong and sustained economic growth is necessary both at national and global level to achieve this end.We have therefore discussed the requirements for long-lasting growth on the basis of our own experience and believe that domestic policy needs to address three tasks: establishing and maintaining monetary and financial stability;enhancing domesticand international competition;and empowering people to participate. Transparency and accountability within an internationally agreed framework of codes and standards remain key to ensuring sustained economic growth and stability at the global level.We agreed on the following key elements that will guide our domestic economic policies in the future.In implementing these elements, microeconomic aspects must be given due consideration.As these principles are interlinked,they must be implemented consistently,with due regard to possible trade-offs and complementarities,because many single elements have the potential of blocking the positive effects of others.While appropriate and credible policies are the basis for economic growth,they need to be backed by high-quality institutions,including ethical standards in corporate governance.Policymakers should build institutions in parallel with engaging in reforms and also ensure that institutions stay consistent with the requirements of a changing environment. However,given the diversity of institutional settings and the success of different economic strategies among G-20countries,there is no single template for strong long-term growth.Policies need to be shaped to the special circumstances in individual countries.(266)【参考译文】我们G-20成员国的财政部长和央行行长们有着促进本国就业、福利和发展的共同目标。