状语从句的翻译
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
14.1.4 译成并列分句 The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun. 地球一面绕太阳运行, 一面绕地轴自转。 I read a newspaper while I was waiting / I waited.
既然发言人不能来,我们不得不取消这次 会议。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
14.2.2 译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的 并列分句 As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off.
Tasks for today’s lesson
Chapter
14 英语状语从句的翻译 (Translation of Adverbial Clauses) Check Exercise 9
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Chapter 14
Chapter
14 英语状语从句的翻译 (Translation of Adverbial Clauses)
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译 When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. 由于风把砂粒刮起来, 碰撞大岩石,久而久 之,较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。(译 成汉语复句的表原因的偏句)
我边等边看报。 I was going home when I met Mary. 我正要回家, 就在这个时候,我碰到了玛丽。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词 as, because, since 引导。 由because引出的原因状语从句一般置于句末, 也可位于句首,通常用来表示直接原因。 由as引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首;若置于 句末,前面应有逗号分开。表示的原因或理由为 说话的对方所知道,as通常翻译为“由于”。 since引出的原因状语从句通常位于句首,把已 知的事实作为推理的依据,说明的原因或理由是 说话的双方所明知的事实,因此,since往往翻 译为“既然”。
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要是下雨,咱们就不能步行件状语从句的翻译
If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不 同,不会留下这么多遗憾。 Only if we are true to facts, can we be loyal to the truth. 只有忠实于事实,才能忠实于真理。 We can realize the goal of our life, if only we work hard. 只要我们努力工作,就能实现人生目标。
努力工作,就会成功。 If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal.
将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金 属。
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14.3 条件状语从句的翻译
14.3.3 译成补充说明情况的分句 “You’ll have some money by then—that is , if you last the week out, you fool.” “到那时你该有点钱了——就是说,如果你 能度过这星期的话,你这傻瓜。” Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. 要尊重你的上司,如果你有上司的话。对 待陌生人,有时还有别人,也要尊重。
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
Not until we have detailed studies of the present movement of traffic and have a clearer idea of how many people wish to travel, where they want to go, at what time of day and how quickly— not until then can we begin to plan a proper transportation system for the future. 只有详细地研究当前的交通流量,比较清楚地了 解有多少人想去旅行,要到哪里去,在一天中的 什么时候上路, 希望以多快的速度旅行,只有到 那时,我们才能开始对未来的运输系统进行合理 的规划。(译成汉语复句的条件偏句)
当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯 火通明,圣诞晚会还未结束。
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
We shall discuss the problem fully before we make the decision. 我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这个问题。 The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁。(打铁须趁热。) When we met each other for the second time, I found that she looked older than she was. 我们第二次见面时,我发现她比实际年龄 显得老一些了。
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14.3 条件状语从句的翻译
14.3.2 译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子 If the temperature drops to zero degree centigrade, water freezes.
水在摄氏零度结冰。 If you work hard, you will succeed.
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14.3 条件状语从句的翻译
14.3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句 If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, the whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个 国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。 [27] We won’t be able to go there on foot in case it rains.
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
14.1.3 翻译成固定句型 Scarcely had we got to the station before the train left. 我们刚到车站, 火车就开了。 Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found.
14.1.1译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的 状语 When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christmas parties were still going on.
他之所以一点不急,是因为父母已为他铺 好了道路。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed ” to do so. 人们常说 , 电脑之所以能解决问题 , 只是因 为电脑给输入了解决问题的“程序”。 Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting.
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译 英汉语言表达的习惯差异: 通常汉语的状语从句位于句首,而英语的 状语从句可前可后, 以位于后者为多。 英语是一种形合语言,多使用关联词;汉 语是一种意合的语言,较少使用关联词。 因此,英译汉时,尽量少用关联词;汉译 英时,尽量多用关联词。
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14.1 时间状语从句的翻译
英语状语从句通常可按其从属连词、连接 副词或所用的引导词的含义来翻译,但有 时它们的深层意义互相渗透,可以互相替 换,需要转译。 有些英语状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时 间的引导词(如when, before, until 等)引导, 但根据句子逻辑意义来判断,应灵活翻译 成表因果关系的从句,或者翻译为表条件 的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通 常位于句首,偶尔亦置于句末。 汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于 译句句首,也可置于译句句末。
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14.2 原因状语从句的翻译
14.2.1 译成表示原因的分句 They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry. 他们之所以不拘小节, 很可能是因为他们总 是处于匆忙之中。 Because his parents had paved a good way for him, he didn’t worry about it at all.