第10章战后的现实主义小说10.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Overview1. Emergence2. Major ConceptsⅡ. John Cheever (1912-1982)1. Life and Career2. CommentⅢ. James Thurber (1894-1961)1. Life2. Literary CareerⅣ. Truman Capote (1924-1984)1. Life and Career2. CommentⅤ. Jerome David Salinger (1919-2010)1. Life and Career2. CommentⅥ. John Updike (1932-2009)1. Life2. Career3. CommentⅠ. Overview1. Emergence①Modernist fiction declined during and after the Second World War. Famous writers like Scott Fitzgerald, Sherwood Anderson, and Gertrude Stein died one after another.②Postwar realism represents a general literary temper which conforms to the transformation of the new postwar world.Ⅰ. 概述1. 出现①现代主义小说在二战期间和战后逐渐衰落。

菲茨杰拉德，舍伍德和格特鲁德等优秀作家相继去世。

②战后现实主义代表了一般的文学倾向，符合战后社会的观点的转变。

2. Major Concepts①Postwar realism combines the time-honored realism with the effective achievements of various literary trends, including modernism.②Postwar realism embodies the great changes in literature along with the great changes in society.2. 主要概念①战后现实主义把历史悠久的现实主义和包括现代主义在内的多种文学趋势结合在一起。

②战后现实主义体现了文学和社会的巨大变化。

Ⅱ. John Cheever (1912-1982)1. Life and Career①Cheever was an old-fashioned realist who firmly anchored in the New Yorker school of the fiction.②The Enormous Radio and Other Stories (1953) established his place in American short fiction.③The Stories of John Cheever (1978) won him a Pulitzer Prize.Ⅱ. 约翰•契佛(1912-1982)1. 生平和文学生涯①契佛是守旧的现实主义家，他是纽约派小说的代表。

②《巨型收音机和其他》奠定了他在美国短篇小说界的地位。

③《约翰•契佛短篇小说集》使他荣获普利策奖。

2. Comment①Cheever is generally acclaimed as a realist writer about suburban manners and morals.②Critics usually hold that Cheever’s short fiction forms his major contributions to American literature.2. 评价①契佛是描写郊区礼仪和道德的现实主义作家。

②评论家通常认为契佛的短篇小说是他对美国文学的主要贡献。

Ⅲ. James Thurber (1894-1961)1. LifeThurber has been acclaimed as the greatest American literary humorist of the 20th century. He is famous for his funny satire novels.2. Literary CareerIn 1933 he published his humorous autobiography My Life and Hard Times. Among his best works are Let Your Mind Alone (1937), The Last Flower (1939), Fables of Our Time (1940), etc.Ⅲ. 詹姆斯•瑟伯(1894-1961)1. 生平瑟伯被誉为20世纪美国文学史上最伟大的幽默家。

他以滑稽的讽刺小说著称。

2. 文学生涯1933年，他发表了幽默自传《我的人生和艰难时代》。

他的其他优秀作品有《让你的思想独处》《最后的花朵》和《我们时代的寓言》等等。

Ⅳ. Truman Capote (1924 – 1984)1. Life and CareerCapote is generally regarded as the pioneer of the nonfiction genre in the postwar era. In 1958, he finished the most famous novel Breakfast at Tiffany’s, which wasadapted to movies and became a classic. In 1966, Capote published his masterpiece In Cold Blood.Ⅳ. 杜鲁门•卡波特(1924 – 1984)1. 生平和文学生涯卡波特是战后非小说的散文文学的先锋。

1958年，他完成了最著名的《第凡内早餐》，随后被改编成电影，成为经典。

1966年，卡波特发表了他的杰作《冷血》。

2. Comment①Capote was a versatile writer whose writing covers various genres: screenplay, short story, novella, drama, travelogue, etc.②Recent critics have tended to divide his works into two fictional modes, the dark and the light.2. 评论①卡波特是一位多才多艺的作家，写作的体裁涉及电影剧本，短篇小说，中篇小说，戏剧和旅行见闻，等等。

②最近的评论家倾向于把他的作品分为两类，黑暗小说和光明小说。

Ⅴ. Jerome David Salinger (1919-2010)1. Life and Career①Salinger was a productive writer of realism in the postwar era, but he enjoyed high acclaim among critics because he represented the voice of alienated young Americans, especially during the 1950s.②In 1951 he published his first and only novel, The Catcher in the Rye, and became famous overnight.Ⅴ. 杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格(1919-2010)1. 生平和文学生涯①塞林格是战后一位多产的现实主义作家，但是评论家对他赞赏有加，因为他代表了被疏远的美国年轻人，尤其是20世纪50年代的声音。

②1951年，他发表了第一部也是唯一的一部小说《麦田里的守望者》，从此一举成名。

2. CommentGenerally speaking, his fiction is characteristic of narrow focus, tiny cast of character, brief time span, and great psychological emphasis. Salinger’s literary significance lies in his creation of two kinds of character: vulgarian and outsider.2. 评论一般来说，塞林格的作品关注点较窄小，描写小人物，时间跨度较小，强调心理描写。

塞林格的文学成就在于它创造了两类人物：俗人和局外人。

Ⅵ. John Updike (1932-2009)1. LifeJohn Updike was a leading novelist in the contemporary literary circles. His Rabbit is Rich and Rabbit at Rest won the Pulitzer Prize in 1982 and 1991.Ⅵ. 约翰•厄普代克(1932-2009)1. 生平。