Are you going to Scarborough Fair? Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine 您去过斯卡布罗集市吗? 芜荽,鼠尾草,迷迭香和百里香 代我向那儿的一位姑娘问好 她曾经是我的爱人.
Tell her to make me a cambric shirt (Oh the sides of a hill in the deep forest green) Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme (Tracing of sparrow on the snow crested brown) Without no seams nor need work (Blankets and bedclothes the child of the mountain) Then she\'ll be a true love of mine (Sleeps unaware of the clarion call) 叫她替我做件麻布衣衫 (绿林深处山峦旁) 芜荽,鼠尾草,迷迭香和百里香 (在白雪封顶的褐色山上追逐雀儿) 上面不用缝口,也不用针线 (大山是山之子的地毯和床单) 她就会是我真正的爱人. (熟睡中不觉号角声声呼唤)
The British Upper Class
Peerage 贵族
A coat of arms 盾徽
Landed Gentry 乡绅
Marq. Bath in Parliamentary Robes,1795
Mr and Mrs Andrews,1749
1. The younger sons of the younger sons of peers and the younger sons of baronets, knights and esquires; 2. A man with an income derived from property, ,a legacy or some other source, and was thus independently wealthy; 3. Nowadays, “gentleman” means any man of good, courteous conduct.
The invention of The Wealth of Nations is considered Mathematical Principles steam engine had magnum opus and the first modern ofhis Natural Philosophy work ofhumans economics. It enlightened the unleashed the provided with British toexplore build a free magical power of market economy the key to the as more productive and more beneficial NATURE. NATURE.
Joseph Chamberlain 約瑟夫· 張伯 and the Spirit of Capitalism
The protestants of Britain believed that God had granted everyone the right to pursue worldly wealth; personal property must be protected by law; to be rich was considered to carry out God‟s Why did the frugality British people will; diligence and (勤劳俭朴) are highly praised protestant morals work so hard? among the industrialists. The more wealthy, the more glorious.
Scarborough Fair
Are you going to Scarborough Fair? Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme Remember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine 您去过斯卡布罗集市吗? 芜荽,鼠尾草,迷迭香和百里香 代我向那儿的一位姑娘问好 她曾经是我的爱人.
Before Studying
While Studying
After Studying
Before Studying
1. What are the Protestant Work Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism? 2. What had the Industrial Revolution brought to Britain? 3. What major change had the two World Wars brought to Britain?
The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830)
The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Henry V
Prince William
New Blood for British Aristocracy
pirates, industrialists, merchants, lawyers, bankers, social activists, musicians …… hereditary peerage / life peer Gentrification 乡绅化 (the ownership of land is the only pass to real gentility)
The aristocracy (贵族) of Britain were the pioneers of industrialization.
It is argued that Protestants, beginning with Martin Luther, had redefined that worldly work as a duty which benefits both the individual and society as a whole. (Further developed by Adam Smith) (An obligation to work diligently as a sign of grace. ) Hard work and frugality were thought to be two important consequences of being one of the elect; thus, Protestants were attracted to these qualities.
For he today that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother: be he ne'er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition. And gentlemen in England now abed Shall think themselves accurs'd they were not here And hold their manhoods cheap whilst any speaks That fought with us upon St. Crispin's Day. —— 《Henry V》
For further reading: 《The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism》, by Max Webber, 1905
Webber defines spirit of capitalism as the ideas and esprit that favor the rational pursuit of economic gain: "We shall nevertheless provisionally use the expression 'spirit of capitalism' for that attitude which, in the pursuit of a calling, strives systematically for profit for its own sake in the manner exemplified by Benjamin Franklin."
Tell her to reap it with a sickle of leather (War bellows blazing in scarlet battalion) Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme (Generals order their soldiers to kill) And gather it all in a bunch of heather (And to fight for a cause they\'ve long ago forgotten) Then she\'ll be a true love of mine 叫她用一把皮镰收割 (战火轰隆,猩红的枪弹在狂呼) 芜荽,鼠尾草,迷迭香和百里香 (将军们命令麾下的士兵杀戮) 将收割的石楠扎成一束 (为一个早已遗忘的理由而战) 她就会是我真正的爱人.