八年级下册Unit8 have you read treasure island yet? 一.重点短语hurry up 赶快,急忙(做某事);Put down放下,写下;;arrive in/at 到达; finish doing sth. 完成做某事; see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事; lose one's life 失去生命,没命;One...the other... 一个......另一个.....; cut down消减,缩短,砍倒;how long多久;run towards... 冲向......; be full of = be filled with 充满;grow up 长大,成长;二.现在完成时的用法①表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
E.g.: Ihave posted the photos. 我已经把这些照片邮寄了。
(邮寄的动作发生在过去,并且已经完成,带来的结果就是这些照片已经不在“我”这里了。
)②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在。
E.g.: They have lived there since 1998. 他们自从1998年以来一直住在这里。
(居住的动作从1998年开始,一直持续到现在,且仍有可能持续下去。
)现在完成时的构成及其变化构成。
Have/has+ 动词的过去分词。
其中have/has为助动词,没有实在的意义,常可以与前面的名词或代词缩写。
Mike has=Mike’s, they have=they’re。
构成否定时也可以与其后的not缩写为haven’t和hasn’t。
大多数动词为规则动词,其过去分词与过去式相同。
部分动词为不规则动词,其过去分词需要不断积累并加以识记。
三. 现在完成时的基本句型:肯定式:主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词四. 现在完成时常用的时间状语:①副词。
如:already(已经), just(刚刚), ever(曾经), never(从未), before(在.....之前) , yet(还,已经) ,recently, lately, since…for…,inthe past few years, so far ,once, twice etc.等。
E.g.: I have already finished my homework. I am free. 我已经完成家庭作业,现在我有空。
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空) I haven’t found the answer to the question yet.我还没有找到问题的答案。
②表示到目前为止的次数。
如:once(一次), twice(两次)。
③表示到目前为止的一段时间,表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与since+过去的时间点,for +一段时间等时间状语连用。
如:for two years,since1995。
E.g.: I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) I have known him since we were little boys. 我们从小就认识。
④表示包括目前在内的时间。
如:so far(到目前为止),in the last few years(在过去的几年里)。
E.g.: He hasn’t talked withme in the past three years. 在过去的三天里他没有和我说话。
I haven’t seen him so far. 到现在为止我还没看见他。
(5). already/ yet的区别: already往往用于肯定句,already也可用于疑问句,表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异,此时already常放在句末,表示强调或加强语气;yet用于否定句和疑问句。
E.g.: He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
Have you finished already? 你已经完成了?(我以为你没有做完,表示出乎意料。
) My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Have you written to your parents yet?【典型例题】①--I’ve got the final Harry Potter book.【2012广州】--You will love it. I ______ it twice already. A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.will read ②--Will you go and see the movie Net Motherwith me? 【2012山东济宁】 --Thank you. But I _____it already. A.saw B. have seen C. see D.will see ③--Jack, let’s go to see the movie Harry Potter.【2012成都】 --Oh, I ______ it many times. So I don’t wantto see it. A. have seen B. see C. will see④“Did you borrow the comic book from the library?”【2013安顺】“Yes, I______ it for three days. I’ll return itthis afternoon.”A.borrowedB.keptC.have borrowedD.havekept1. When I first arrived on this island , I had nothing. 当我第一次到这个岛上的时候,我一无所有。
【解析】nothing 没有什么;没有东西用法:①不定代词,意为“什么也没有,没有东西”。
相当于not…anything. E.g.: There is nothing in the fridge. She has nothing to do .②当有修饰词来修饰nothing等不定代词时,要放在不定代词后面。
修饰词可以是形容词、动词不定式等。
E.g.: I want something to drink. I have nothing special to tell you.③在英语中,不定代词有:something;anything;everything;everyone ,everybody;someone;anyone;somebody;anybody;no one;nothing ;nobody。
【典型例题】①-- What does Anna look like? 【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】 -- _________. A. She’s kind B. She’s tall C. She likes skating②If you read a lot, your life will be full ___ pleasure.【2013山东莱芜】A. byB. of C .for D. with③--Tom, supper is ready. 【2013 北京】 --I don't want to eat _____,Mum. I'm not feeling well.A. everythingB. nothingC. somethingD. anything④A smile costs ________, but gives so much. 【2013 莱芜】A. somethingB. anythingC. nothing D .everything【辨析】 towards / to towards 表示“向着某个方向”,没有“到达”之意 to 一般接在come, go, move 等动词之后,表示“向、往”,有“到达”之意【典型例题】①---What did you do last night?【2013 娄底】---I ______TV and read books.A. watchB. watchedC. have watched②When I passed the classroom, I heard a girl ___in it.【2012黔东南州】A. sing B. losing C. sang D. singing③. There is ______ in his home.A. other nothingB. nothing otherC. else nothingD. nothing else④In a basketball match, players move _____ (朝向)one endof the court while throwing the ball to each other.【2013湖北黄冈】⑤. My family has two dogs. One is white, ____ is black.【2013孝感】A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others【拓展】 think of / think about / think over辨析:(1)think of, 固定短语,表示“提到(某人、某物、某事或某主意等),考虑,思考,对….有某种看法”,后接名词,代词、动词-ing形式。
E.g.: --What do you think of your Chinese teacher?--I like her very much. (2) think of 表示“思考,考虑,对….有某种看法”时,可以与think about 互换。
E.g.: What do you think of the movie? = What do you think about the movie?(3) think of 表示“相出,想着,想起”时,不可用think about 代替。
E.g.: I always think of my childhood. (4) think over 意为“仔细考虑,认真考虑”,强调思考的程度比think of/ about 深。