动词法：时态综述时态和语态是高考的必考题，也是高中语法的重点。
由于中文不存在对应的时态概念，因此中国学生常常在学习时态的时候，总是无法很好的理解英语的思维方式。
因此，在解答时态题目的时候，必须适当的使用排除法，以增加做题的正确率。
（时态也是唯一只能用排除法来应对的题目类型）从近年来的出题规律看，单独考时态的题目并不多，这大大降低了时态类题目的难度，使得考生更容易判断出正确的选项。
什么是时态在平时的学习中，我们总是把时态和在一起来学习，这极大地增加了理解的难度，事实上，时态是由两个部分构成的。
1，四种时间概念。
a)现在时b)过去时c)将来时d)过去将来时I didn't know if he would come.She was sixty-six. In three years, she would be sixty-nine.2，四种状态概念。
a)一般态：既非进行也非完成；文学名著与客观事实。
b)进行态：表示动作的持续性发生。
c)完成态：在截止时间发生的时候，已经完成了的事情，对截止时间时发生的事情产生影响。
d)完成进行态：表示从过去到截止时间发生时，持续不断进行并将继续进行的状态。
解题策略●用时间排除错误选项。
【2011全国卷,29】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain分析：从题目上看，要填入选项的地方位于宾语从句之后，由于主句的时间是过去时，因此从句的时间只能是“过去时”，故而可以排除B和D两个表示“现在”时间的选项。
句意为“当Alice苏醒过来时，她不知道她在那儿躺了多久了。
”用以下第二步的判断方式可知，本题有明确截止动作“came to”，意思是苏醒，故使用完成态。
【答案A】【2011北京卷,27】—That must have been a long trip.—Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there.A. takesB. has takenC. tookD. was taking【答案】C【解析】句意为“那一定是长途旅行。
”“是的，我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。
”题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，提示时间在过去，描述过去的情况，排除A和B，D项was taking进行时态表将来，但事实上事情已发生，这与题意不符，因此选C。
●用状态排除错误选项。
有的时候，用状态来辅助判断，更容易排除错误选项。
特别是在有完成态的题目中。
完成态的特点是必须有明确的“截止时间”，或至少有“截止动作”，事情如果是发生在截止时间或者截止动作之前，则一定是用完成态。
以下词常常用来说明截止时间。
So far 说明截止时间为“现在”in the last + 延续性时间说明截止时间为“现在”for + 延续性时间说明截止时间为“现在”since + 起点时间说明截止时间为“现在”by next + 终点时间说明截止时间为“将来”over the last + 延续时间说明的状态为“从过去某个时间到现在一直都”【2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films ______ all over the world.A.have producedB. have been producedC. are producingD. are being produced解析：句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。
”in the last few years在最近的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。
选B。
【2011湖南卷,30】It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school.A. attendedB. had attendedC. am attendingD. have attended解析：句意为“自从我到这个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。
”since自从…以来，为完成态的标志性时间提示词。
另，since引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。
选D。
在此特别注意，任何情况下要启用“过去完成时态”，必须要有明确的“过去的过去”的时间提示，否则绝对不可以使用“过去完成时时态。
【2011全国卷II,9】If you don't like the drink you ____ just leave it and try a different one.A. orderedB. are orderingC. will orderD. had ordered解析：句意为“如果你不喜欢你所点的饮料，就把它放那儿，试试另一种。
”don't like the drink是现在时，点饮料是过去的动作，因此，用过去时或现在完成时，故选A。
在此缺乏“过去的过去”，因此虽然事情发生在“过去”，但不可以用过去完成时态。
【2011北京卷,21】Experiments of this kind ______ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (conduct experiments = 做实验)A. have conductedB. have been conductedC. had conductedD. had been conducted解析：句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。
”题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，conduct这个动作发生在before the second war，很显然是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。
排除AB。
再考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。
答案D。
●用动词的数排除错误选项需要注意的是，近年来考察动词的数的题型——主谓一致，已经越来越少单独出题，而是常常和时态题混考，解题时如果发现明显的数的变化，也可以优先考虑，排除干扰项。
●用动词的语态排除错误选项语态题是最容易和时态混考的题目，因此解题时还应该注意语态，排除错误干扰项。
【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams _____ to test our communicative ability.A. designB. are designedC. are designingD. are being designed解析：句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。
”oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，排除AC。
本题既非“进行”也非“完成”，故为一般态，选B。
●学会画时间轴在动词和时间较为复杂的题目中，可使用时间轴辅助解题，特别是遇到“过去的过去”的题型时，往往不提示过去截止时间而只提示过去截止动作，此时要注意使用时间轴辅助解题。
【2011山东卷,35】She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child ______ everything!A. had been eatingB. had eatenC. have eatenD. have been eating【解析】句意为“她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！”通过时间轴可以看出，“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去。
故选B。
●根据上下文，对称解题有一些题目为对称式，这样的题目可绕过以上解题方法，直接判断。
【2011全国卷,24】I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ______ polite.A. was just beingB. will just beC. had just beenD. would just be【解析】句意为“我不能确信他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。
”句前wasn’t sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。
答案A。
补充知识●将来时的特别形态be about to do sth.be to do sth时态练习1.—Bob has gone to California.—Oh, can you tell me when he ______ ?A. has leftB. leftC. is leavingD. would leave2.On her next birthday, Ann ______ married for twenty years.A. isB. has beenC. will beD. will have been3.I’m sure you will do better in the test because you ______ so hard this year.A. studiedB. had studiedC. will studyD. have been studying4.When I got on the bus, I ______ I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizingB. realizedC. have realizedD. would realize5.—I hear you ______ in a pub. What’s it like?—Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.A. are workingB. will workC. were workingD. will be working6.—Tommy is planning to buy a car.—I know. By next month, he _____ enough for a used one.A. saves B .saved C. will save D. will have savedst month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they______ from China.A. receiveB. are receivingC. have receivedD. had received8.Planning so far ahead ______ no sense—so many things will have changed bynext year. (make no sense = 毫无意义)A. madeB. is makingC. makesD. has made9.All visitors to this village ______ with kindness.A. treatB. are treatedC. are treatingD. had been treated10.—What a mistake!—Yes. I ______ his doing it another way, but without success.A. was suggestingB. will suggestC. would suggestD. had suggested11.That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ______ the piano upstairs?A. has playedB. playedC. playsD. is playing12.Look at th e pride on Tom’s face. He _____ to have been praised by the managerjust now.A. seemedB. seemsC. had seemedD. is seeming13.His first novel ______ good reviews since it came out last month.A. receivesB. is receivingC. will receiveD. has received14.John, what ______ in your hand?—Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.A had you heldB are you holdingC do you holdD will you hold15.In 1492, Columbus ______ on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for anisland off India.A. landsB. landedC. has landedD.had landed16.In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ______ by scentists.A. are makingB. are madeC. will makeD. will be made17.By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______ from college.A. graduatedB. has graduatedC. had been graduatingD. had graduated18.We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _____ into the officeduring the night.A. brokeB. had brokenC. has brokenD. was breaking19.The country life he was used to _______ greatly since 1992.A. changeB. has changedC. changingD. have changed20.—Why weren't you at the meeting?—I _______ for a long distance call from my sister in America.A. was waitedB. was waitingC. has waitedD. have been waiting21.—Sadam, the former president of Iraq, was caught at last.—Really? Where _______ himself?A. has he hiddenB. had he hiddenC. was he hiddenD. has he been hiding22.Cathie came home happily, which suggested that she ______ the final exam.A. had passedB. passC. would passD. would have passed23.—Guess what, we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.—How nice! You _______ a different culture then.A. will be experiencingB. have experiencedC. have been experiencingD. will have experienced24.Christmas ______ near, so let's do shopping and get prepared for it.A. is drawingB. drawsC. drewD. has drawn解析：1.【2011北京卷,32】—Bob has gone to California.—Oh, can you tell me when he ______ ?A. has leftB. leftC. is leavingD. would leave【答案】B【解析】时为过去：Bob has gone to California，去的动作已经发生过，说明他离开的动作发生在过去，排除AC。