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色彩变量 色彩是地图中最活跃的元素
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What is symbol?
在哲学上，符号是用一个物质对象来代表一个“思 维对象”，或严格地说代表一个抽象的概念，符号 是抽象概念的感性表现。 紫禁城
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中国古代皇权
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There are few excuses for using a default symbol that does not match well with the data it represents because you can make almost any map symbol you can envision. ——Prof. Cynthia A. Brewer
Байду номын сангаас
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地图符号分类 按符号的空间分布情况：点、线、面、体状符号 从符号视觉分类：形象符号、抽象符号 按符号维度分类：二维符号、三维甚至多维符号 按符号行为分类：静态符号、动态符号 按符号比例关系分类：依比例尺、半依比例尺、不 依比例尺符号 按符号图形特征分类：正形、侧形、象征符号 ……
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在千变万化的符号形式中，根据对象的特征或者对 象间的相互联系，以某种变量为主脉，或者综合使 用多种变量，可以形成系列符号。
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色彩 色相 明度 饱和度
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How to design symbol???
视觉变量
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Secondary visual variables(for patterns) 间隔（Separation）
排列（Arrangement）
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Secondary visual variables(for patterns)
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引自香港理工大学李志林教授教案
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开始本节内容
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尺寸变量
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地图符号视觉变量设计
Visual variables for Cartographic Symbol
陈泰生 tysen_chan@ 18255016138
上节回顾
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方向变量
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国内学者
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视觉变量 Primary visual variables
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形状变量 形状是视觉上能区别开来的几何图形的单体
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One dot represents 1000 people
What is cartographic symbol？
符号
图形符号
声音符号
语言符号
……
地图符号
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