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Supply Schedule 供给表
The supply schedule is a table that shows the relationship between the price of the
good and the quantity supplied. 供给表是表示一种物品价格与供給量之
As income increases the demand for an inferior good will decrease. 收入增加，劣等品的需求减少
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Shifts in the Demand Curve
Price of movie
需求曲线的移动
0
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Increase in demand 需求增加
税收引起冰激凌蛋卷价
格上升会导致沿着需求
1.00
A
曲线移动
0
4
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D
8
Quantity of Ice-Cream2C2ones
Change in Demand需求的变化
Caused by a change in a determinant other than the price.是由价格以外的因素变化引起的。
make market economies work.） （ Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium. ）现代微观 经济学就是关于供给、需求和市场均衡的学 科。
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Markets and competition 市场与竞争
Price $30.00 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Quantity
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Consumer Income 消费者收入
As income increases the demand for a normal good will increase. 收入增加，正常商品的需求增加
A shift in the demand curve, either to the left or right.需求曲线的移动，向左或者向右。
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Non-price Determining Variables of Demand需求的非价格决定因素
Consumer income（消费者的收入）
$3.00
2.50
1. A decrease in price ...
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Quantity of
Ice-Cream Cones
2. ... increases quantity 冰激淋蛋卷的数量
of cones demanded.
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供给与需求的市场力量
供给和需求是经济学家最常用的两个词。（ Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often ） 供给和需求是让市场经济运行的力量。
（Supply and demand are the forces that
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Law of Demand 需求规律
The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. 需求规律认为，价格与需求量之间 的关系是负关系。
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Demand Schedule 需求表
The demand schedule is a table that shows the relationship between the price of the good and the quantity demanded.
需求表 —— 表示一种物品的价格 与需求量之间关系的表格。
间关系的表格。
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Ben’s Supply Schedule 供给表
Price
价格
$0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
Quantity
数量
0 0 1 2 3 4 5
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Supply Curve 供给曲线
The supply curve is the upward-sloping line relating price to quantity supplied.
Buyers determine demand. 买者决定需求
Sellers determine supply. 卖者决定供给
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A Competitive Market 完全竞争市场
A competitive market is a market in which there are many buyers and sellers so that each has a negligible impact on the market price
竞争市场——有很多买者和卖者的市 场，所以每一个买者或卖者对市场 价格的影响都可以忽略不计。
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Competitive Market完全竞争市场
Products are the same
Numerous buyers and sellers so that each has no influence over price
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么么么么方面
Sds绝对是假的
Supply 供给
Quantity supplied is the amount of a good that sellers are willing and able to sell.
供給量是指卖者愿意而且能够出售的一种 物品或劳务的数量。
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Changes in Quantity Demanded
Price of IceCream Cones
A tax that raises the price of ice-cream cones results in a
B
$2.00
movement along the demand curve.
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Catherine’s Demand Schedule 凯瑟琳
的需求表
Price Quantity
价格
数量
$0.00
12
0.50
10
1.00
8
1.50
6
2.00
4
2.50
2
3.00
0
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Demand Curve 需求曲线
The demand curve is the downwardsloping line relating price to quantity
第二章 供给与需求（I）：市场如何运行 SUPPLY AND DEMAND I: HOW MARKETS WORK
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“你可以使一只鹦鹉成为经济学家，但 前提必须是让它明白‘供给’和‘需求 ’。”
----------------萨缪尔逊《经济学》
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思考：
1、农业的好消息是否是农民的好消息？ 2、最低工资法是否是保障工人福利的好 制度？
demanded.
需求曲线——把价格与需求量联系在 一起的向右下方倾斜的曲线。
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Figure 1 Catherine’s Demand Schedule and Demand Curve （Catherine’s的需求表和需求曲线）
Ice-CreamPrCioceneof 冰激凌蛋卷的价格
Graphically, individual demand curves are summed horizontally to obtain the market demand curve. 从图形上看, 把个人需求曲线水平相 加，就得出了市场需求曲线。
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Change in Quantity Demanded versus Change in Demand
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Law of Supply 供给规律
The law of supply states that there is a direct (positive) relationship between price and quantity supplied.
供给规律认为，价格与供給量之间的 关系是正关系。
19
Market Demand versus Individual Demand 市场需求和单个消费者需求
Market demand refers to the sum of all individual demands for a particular good or service.市场需求 是指所有个 人对某种物品或劳务需求的总和。
Prices of related goods（相关产品的价格）
• 替代品 Substitutes • 互补品 Complements
Tastes（preference）（偏好） Expectations（预期） Number of buyers（买者的数量）