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肉的形态结构与化学组成.

The fourth chapter The carneous morphous structure and
chemical composition
第四章 肉的形态结构与化学组成
The first section The carneous morphous structure and chemical composition
(二)Fatty tissue(脂肪组织):
1. The distribution:the immature resides in among muscle bundles, the adult in subcutaneouly、mesenterium、 epiploon etc.(幼龄的存在于肌束间,成年动物的存在于皮下、
第一节 肉的形态结构
一、The concept of meat(肉的概念) From meat Industry and commodity,meat is carcass or livestock carcass meat except hair、skin、head、hoof、 tail、internal organs livestock carcasss,head、hoof、 tail、internal organs are named by-product or offal,here the meat includes muscle、bone、cartilage、nerves、 anadesma、vessel and lymphonode so on kinds of
2. The effect:may provide essential elements for human body(Ca、P、Fe etc.).
The second section:Carneous chemical composition 第二节 肉的化学组成
Carneous chemical composition:wateห้องสมุดไป่ตู้、protein、fat、mineral matter、carbohydrate (肉的化学组成:水、蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质、碳水化合物)
的膜以及血管、淋巴管等)赋于肉伸缩性和韧性)
2. The composition:collagen fibers and elastic fiber.
(胶原纤维和弹性纤维)
(四) Bone tissue:(骨组织) the frame of supporting muscle.
(支撑肌肉的支架)
1. The composition:consist of external dense bone and inner spongy bone.(外部的密质骨和内部的松质骨)
and muscle endomembrane and outer membrane.(构成肌腱、 筋膜、韧带及肌肉外膜的主要成分)
1. The distribution:livestock every part(muscle tissue; membrane、blood vessel and lymph vessel of fatty tissue etc.) gives flexibility and tenacity.(畜体各部分即肌肉组织、脂肪组织中
肠系膜、大网膜等处)
2. The composition:adipose cells aggregate
(脂肪细胞聚集而成)
3. The color:swine fat is white color,fowl yellow
(猪为白色,鸡、鸭为黄色)
(三) Connective tissue(结缔组织): Connective tissue is main ingredient of tendon、anadesma
ingredients.
肉品学和商品学上的肉是专指:去掉毛或皮、头、蹄、 尾和内脏的家畜胴体或白条肉。去掉的部分称为副产品或 下水。这里所指的肉包括肌肉、骨、软骨、筋膜、神经脉 管、淋巴管等。
二、The carneous morphous structure
肉的形态结构
Meat consists of muscle tissue、fat tissue、skeleton tissue and connective tissue.(肉是由肌肉组织、脂肪组织、结缔组
织和骨组织构成)
(一)Muscular tissue:is different with anatomy, mainly skeletal muscle or striped muscle (与解剖学上的不同,它指生物学中的骨骼肌或横纹肌部分)
1. The distribution:muscle turgor vitalis in hip、neck、 waist for livestock then in chest and leg muscle for poultry.(肌肉组织的分布:家畜的臀部、颈部和腰部的肌肉较
(一)Protein:myofibrillae protein、myosinogen and matrix protein. ( (一)蛋白质:肌原纤维中的蛋白、肌浆蛋白、基质 蛋白)
1、myofibrillae protein(肌原纤维中的蛋白): main protein is myosin and actin.(主要是肌凝蛋白和肌纤蛋白) (1)myosin:named myoglobulin,the moity of muscle rod dark band thick myofilament, constitutes myofibrilla main structural protein and possesses ATP enzymatic activity.
丰满,家禽则以胸肌和腿肌最发达)
2. The composition:muscle fibers are the basic unit of muscle tissue
(肌肉组织结构:肌肉结构的最基本单元是肌纤维)
3. The color: the reason of different color muscle is muscle hemoglobin in muscle fiber and hemoglobin remaining in blood vessel. (肌肉组织的颜色:肌肉的不同颜色是由于肌红蛋白和 存留于血液中血红蛋白的缘故)
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