高等教育自学考试（1）英语写作试题课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Attaining Success in CollegeSucceeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority.Having smart classroom conduct is our first common study place. If we can effectively do that ,so that we can get more useful things from it .We also are improved our mental and developed technical ability . From the classmate we can attain many knowledge for the growth of the students’mind. In there we can get the best education to it we can do more impressive accomplishment for our society. So that we can be able to get a better job when we graduated the college . Having smart classroom conduct is of great importance to college success.Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours”will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable.Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes”often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me. I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things.In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, and of making college my top priority. Then, my college beginnings would not have been so rocky and tough.II. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.SmellSmell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible.Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person willevoke their affection for each other.Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.I．Smell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important.A. we face to others and the other person is not present.B. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.II. Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweatA. They work hard to cover up their body odors that are not comfortable in discussing the topic.B. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possibleIII. Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odorsA. they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendshipB．Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirableC. the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each otherⅳ.Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feelingA. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.III. Compose an essay (60 points)In China, old people are usually taken care of by their family members, but now some people send their aging parents to nursing homes. What is your opinion on this? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.The life on Old PeopleNowadays , many family will send their old people to the nursing homes .Although some of them are there without their preferences ,they usually are compelling . But some ones go there because of t hey have been not attend to wit h family member. But some family member just want to send the old people to the nursing homes , the family members do not want to live with them. There are some opinion for whether the old people should go to the nursing homes or not .For one appoint , family members send the old people to the nursing homes ,because they have no time to take care of old people. If the old people were send the nursing homes that the nurse can take care of the old people . If the family members have time and they can get there to meet the old people . for another standpoint , some people do not want to live with the old people . So they will prefer to take their old people to the nursing homes so that they can pay a little money on the life of old people .From my point of view , we can not possess the old people with the rights . Because we can not force the old people to go the nursing homes . the choice must be on the old people. We should value the old people .If we could ,we have better look after our old people. Because we should pay back the old people. If the old people want to stay at home by himself and not to go the nursing homes that we should support them. We also take good care of them. Then we must give the best happiness to the old people .高等教育自学考试（2）英语写作试题课程代码：00603Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph(20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Mall PeopleHaving fun at entertainment centers can exhaust one’s pocket money or bank account. By thetime a person has ridden the Ferris Wheel, the Crazy Mouse, Roller Coaster, and played video games, he may have little money left to buy movie tickets or eat a substantial dinner. As a result, he may turn from winning, dining and moviegoing to the nearby free-parking, free-admission shopping malls. Indeed, shopping malls are not just a paradise for youngsters; it can offer much to all. Teenagers, lovers on dates, and the nuclear family can all be observed having a good time at this alternative recreation spot.First of all, teenagers are the largest group of mallgoers. The boys saunter by in sneakers, T-shirts, and blue jeans, complete with a package of cigarettes sticking out of their pockets. The girls stumble along in high-heeled shoes and fancy hairstyles, with hairbrushes tucked in the rear pockets of their tight-fitting designer jeans. Traveling in a gang that resembles a wolf pack, the teenagers make the shopping mall their hunting ground. Their raised voices, loud laughter and occasional shouted obscenities can be heard from as for as half a mile away. They basically just come to “hang out”.______________________________________________________________________________ Apart from teenagers and lovers, nuclear family members can also be identified as the largest group of mallgoers. Mom, Dad and little Jenny of Fred, visit the mall on Friday and Saturday evenings. Mom walks around looking at various things until she discovers that Jenny is seeing some of the special mall exhibits geared toward little children, or in the case of Fred, he is heading for the place that young boys find appealing. Indeed, the mall provides something special for every member of the nuclear family.In a word, the teenagers, lovers on dates, and the nuclear family make up the majority of mallgoers. There are also gray-hairs, whose attention may suddenly be caught by some modern gadgets. These people may end up spending little money, but they need not purchase anything to find pleasure at the mall. They are shopping for inexpensive recreation, and the mall provides it.Ⅱ.Write and outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline”for it.Send in the Clones“Scientists have made a breakthrough to clone a human being”, as one TV newsman put it. While his description was off the mark, the real news was almost as fantastic: researchers at George Washington University split single human embryos into identical copies, a technology that has sparked a storm of controversy around the world.Claiming they began the experiments to spur a debate, the researchers got more than they bargained for. The Vatican condemned the technology as evil; one German magazine called the research “immoral”, and sociologists in the U.S. disagreed hotly over whether the technology should be offered to infertile couples, couples incapable of having children.The news left people wondering what the technology is all about. Actually what the researchers did was to extend a technique that has been used in livestock for more than a decade. The physicians used tube fertilization technology to create 17 human embryos in a laboratory. When the embryos had grown enough to contain 2-8 cells, the researchers separated them into 48 cells. Two of the separated cells survived for a few days in the lab, developing into new human embryos smaller than the head of a pin.Though no great technical feat, the procedure opens a range of unsettling possibilities. For example, parents could have one embryo implanted in the mother’s womb and store its identical siblings indefinitely. The spare embryos could be implanted later, allowing parents to create a family of identical children of different ages. Spare embryos could also be sold to other families, who could see from an already born child how their embryo would turn out. Even more bizarre, a woman conceived from a split embryo could give birth to her own twin.Such scenarios raise painful issues about the rights of parents and meaning of individuality. Some sociologists maintain that parents have the right to do with embryos what they will, including having twins born years apart. But others fear that the procedure unacceptably alters what it means to be human being, especially when the younger twins are forced to see older versions of themselves.Amid the controversy, one thing seems certain: the experiments will continue. While cloning is forbidden in Germany, fertility research is proceeding in the U.S. without federal regulations. But researchers must obtain approval from their hospital board. Without federal oversight, the highly competitive fertility business may soon use the new technology to attract clients. As a doctor told the scientific journal Science, “It was just a matter of time.”Ⅲ.Compose an essay(60 points)More and more college students are now renting apartments outside campus instead of living in students’ dorms. Write a 300-word expository essay about your preference and reasons.______________________________________________________________________高等教育自学考试英语写作试题（3）课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a body paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.With the rapid development of the modern society, education is becoming more and more crucial to both individuals and the society. The issue over what education should consist of hasconsiderably aroused people’s wide concern. In this essay, I will seek to explore this complicated topic from diverse perspectives and what influence could be brought.Among the most important aspects education should consist of, one that should be stressed is professional knowledge education. On the one hand, under the fiercely competitive circumstance, people who have professional skills and experience attract many big companies. Therefore, professional knowledge gives people more opportunities to hunt an ideal job. On the other hand, this aspect of education is also significant to develop the society in the long run.In the second place, what is also worth noticing is that physical education is necessary for students, especially for teenagers. If you want to achieve success in the modern society, a strong body is the first premise, which always keeps you in shape. So education should push people to take care of themselves and this could bring great benefits to the healthy society.______________________________________________________________________________ Judging from what I have discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that the three aspects cannot be separated in education. They play vital and important roles in the growth of individuals and the society. The fulfillment of both individuals and the society can be made as long as we lay emphasis on the three aspects mentioned above.II. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.Nowadays, giant jumble jets carry millions of people each day to and from almost all corners of the globe, giving most people the chance of visiting distant countries. However, many of us are sometimes, troubled by unfamiliar customs and traditions and are puzzled by the way foreigners behave. In my essay, both sides of the argument would be presented and analyzed as to whether we should follow the customs of the visited country, or all nations should be more willing to embrace exotic culture.Some people maintain that it is better for one to adopt host countries’ culture for the following reasons. First of all, as the old saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” by observing and following their particular way of doing things, travelers can greatly reduce the chances of misunderstanding and embarrassment. For instance, it is advisable not to ask a western lady personal questions such as her age or her marital status on the first meeting, which is common practice in China. Secondly, a nation’s customs and traditions are often fascinating and offer a unique insight into that very country. Obviously, people travel in order to broaden their horizon or merely to relax and enjoy themselves. But these aims could not be satisfactorily fulfilled if they have no idea about a country’s culture. Moreover, your interest in andunderstanding of their ways of life could help to establish a rapport with the local people, because people feel respected when their customs and behaviors are understood and imitated, and by doing things in their way, you become unconsciously a member of them and thus will no longer experience culture shocks.However, others also have strong reasons to believe that a country should tolerate and embrace foreign culture. In the first place, no country should cling to its old customs and traditions at all cost and expect others to follow suit. Culture should also be subject to changes brought about by advances in science and technology and the process of globalization. Like everything else, numerous traditional practices have been abandoned and people are forming new customs all the time. Besides, instead of challenging and damaging the local traditions, the customs brought by international visitors actually help to enhance our awareness of our own culture, by pointing out that what we take for granted is really not universally praised but rather unique characteristics of our own. In China, for instance, the Spring Festival is being celebrated with ever more enthusiasm despite the popularity of Christmas. Moreover, it is unjustifiable and unrealistic to expect visitors to alter their ways of doing things, and pick up some new behaviors and customs at short notice. Many Chinese Americans, for example, still live exclusively in Chinatowns and celebrate all the traditional Chinese holidays. Like a religious belief, one should be allowed to follow their own customs whenever and wherever they like.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter view that people can keep their own customs and nations should welcome cultural differences and integrate the positive aspects from other cultures to update their own. Apparently, if all are open-minded about different traditions and behaviors, the idea of a global village could come true in every corner of the earth, with people living in harmony and each enjoying his own cultural heritage.III. Compose an essay (60 points)Many people think that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while others argue that the aid money is misspent by the governments that receive it, so international aid should not be given to the poor countries in the world. Write a short argumentative essay about 300 words discussing the two views of international aid.高等教育自学考试英语写作试题(4)课程代码：00603I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.The Advantages and Disadvantages of Y oung People's Early Independence Compared with the older generation, young people nowadays tend to be more independent at an earlier age. Some think it is good to young people; others worry about the possible negativeimpacts on them because of the lack of their parents' proper guidance. I am of the opinion that young people's early independence has both advantages and disadvantages.Many people believe that earlier independence helps young people understand the world better and accumulate more social experience, which is invaluable for their future life and career. As far as I am concerned, one learns best from practical experience. Thus early independence can offer more opportunities for young people to experience more without their parents' guidance. In this way, it is more likely for them to succeed and bring their talent into full play. Moreover, living on their own means, they have to face and overcome difficulties by themselves. Therefore, it may help them mold a sound and unyielding character on their way to strive for their independence and maturity.________________________________________________________________________ Therefore, young people should be well advised to give serious thought to both the advantages and disadvantages of early independence before making the decision to leave home and face life's challenges alone.II. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a "topic outline" for it.My Opinion on Campus Flea MarketAs we university students progress from one grade to another, we may find that besides other things, we have accumulated a large pile of things that are no longer useful, for example, textbooks, test preparation materials, tapes and CDs. How to deal with the pile is really a big problem. Some throw them away, some keep them as souvenirs, and some sell them in the flea market on campus.The flea market has much to offer for sellers. Obviously it can help sellers get some money. By selling things that are no longer needed, they can cover some of the original cost. This can be of much importance to students who need money. Last semester I sold about 30 books in the flea market, and the money was enough to cover my food bill for almost a month. Besides, selling things in the flea market can also help sellers cultivate a good habit of making the fullest use of their belongings. This will prevent them from throwing things away at will, thus becoming a thrifty person.If it just benefits sellers, the flea market can not be so prosperous. In fact, buyers also gain a lot. Things sold in this place are usually much cheaper than the new ones in stores, but the function is almost the same. If students buy their textbooks and other reference books here, they can save about 200 yuan every semester. It is said that second-hand book stores are very popular in foreign countries, and many students from poor families finish their studies by getting most of the books there. In China there are also many students troubled by financial difficulty. If theuniversity authorities can organize a regular flea market, many poor students will find it easier to finish their university.The third benefit, which is usually neglected, is the positive influence on environment. This may sound irrelevant, but in fact, if we use second-hand products, we can help save paper and printing materials, and this can greatly reduce the negative impact on the already fragile environment. What's more, if we develop the habit of reusing products, we can make our contribution to the establishment of recycling economy that the government is advocating. Experts estimate that if all the textbooks in universities can be used again, we can save about one hundred million yuan in environmental protection. This fully demonstrates the social significance of the tiny market place.Therefore, if well managed, flea markets on campus can benefit sellers, buyers and the whole society as well. Of course, some of the used things may become valuable souvenirs and we should keep them all our life. As for those things that we can get rid of, we should carry them to the flea market rather than to the dustbin.III. Compose an essay (60 points)Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others thinkthat it is always better to have a teacher. Which view do you agree with? Write an essay of about 300 words discussing this issue with the title “Are Teachers Necessary in the Process of Learning?”。