高中英语语法讲义——冠词冠词的泛指、特指泛指是指首次提到、不限定的人或事物。
特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以是指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。
冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下：泛指：a/an+单数名词。
如：A(=One) horse is enough.（表数量）a/an+单数名词。
如：A horse is a large four-legged animal.（强调类别中任何一个的特定）the+单数名词。
如：I think the most useful animal is the horse.（强调整个类别）零冠词+复数名词或不可数名词。
如：Horses are useful animals.（强调类别中的许多个体）特指：the+单数名词/复数名词/不可数名词冠词填空szlo Biro invented______ ball-point pen.2.The biggest whale is______ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long- the height of______ 9-storybuilding.不定冠词（1）不定冠词有a, an两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素（注意不是辅音字母）时用a; 当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素（注意：不是元音字母）时用an。
如：a university, a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, an hour, an honest boy, an ugly man等冠词填空3. I earn 10 dollars ______ hour as ______ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.4. The teacher asked us to write ______ 800-word-long composition.（2）表示one, the same或every的意思。
如：They are of an age. (=the same) I will return in a day or two.冠词填空：5. Christmas is______ special holiday when the whole family are supposed to get together.6. They are twins, so they are of ______ age.（3）不定冠词的特殊位置1）“so/ as/ too/ how/ however+ adj+ a/ an单数名词”。
如：This is so interesting a film that we all want to see it.He is as good as a student as you (are).He is too young a boy to join the army.How clever a boy he is!（=what a clever boy he is! =How clever the boy is!）However clever a man he is, he can’t learn English well without enough practice.2）quite, rather与单数名词连用且名词前有形容词修饰时，其顺序为“a+ rather+形容词+单数名词”或“rather/quite + a/an+形容词+单数名词”。
如：It was a rather difficult question.It was rather a difficult question.It is quite a small house.注意：①没有“a+ quite+形容词+单数名词”结构②“quite+ a/an+单数名词”用于强调在某方面很突出。
She is quite a beauty.③在quite a few, quite a little等短语中，由于a few, a little为固定短语，故不能拆成a quite few, a quite little等3）“no/ much/ far/ all…+形容词比较级+ a/an+ 单数名词”。
如：He is far more clever a boy.4)“more/less+形容词+a/an +单数名词”。
Tom is less significant a figure.5）what/ such/ half+ a/ an+单数名词；many a/ an+单数名词：许多；not a/ an+单数名词：一个也不同义句转换7. What an interesting book I have read!_____________ book I have read!8. This dress is twice as expensive as that one.This is twice_____________ dress as that one.（4）含有不定冠词的常考结构have a coldhave a good timehave a gift for 有…的天赋have a word with 与…谈话at a blow 一下子have/take a resthave a holidaymake a living 谋生get a lift/ ride 搭便车go on a diet 节食as a resultas a matter of fact as a rule 通常after a while 一会后in a hurry匆忙地in a sense在某种意义上in a wordin a moment立刻once in a while偶尔at a loss困惑at a distance离一段距离for a while暂时once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然a waste of…a matter of…What a pity!真遗憾with a score of以…的分数have a population of有…人口have a history of有…的历史have an area of有…的面积a collection of一批…a knowledge of (=know) 知道an understanding of (=understand)懂得注意：通常成对出现的名词（被视为一套或一体），一般只用一个不定冠词。
如a knife and fork一副刀叉。
冠词填空：9. I don’t want to have words with you. I prefer to have______ word with you.10. The power supply was cut off. All of ______ sudden, the lights went out.11. China has ______ larger population than Canada.12. The quality of the ambulance service is ______ matter of life and death.定冠词（1）用在表示特指的人或物的名词前。
The book on the desk is mine.Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.（2）用在姓氏复数前，表一家人或夫妇二人。
The Greens are at table.The Chens are going to move to Taizhou.（3）用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前或用在表示方位的名词前。
the Tang dynasty the Spring and Autumn Period in the 1990’s/1990s the south（4）用在表度量衡单位的名词前，表示“每一”。
如by the hour/ day/ week/ year/ dozen/ yard/ ton/ kilo/ thousand, 但size/ weight/ time这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
We got paid by the month.Meat is sold by weight.（5）“the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。
the wounded伤员the dying垂死之人the unknown未知的事物the deaf聋子the young年轻人the old老人the living生者the dead死者（6）“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替。
take sb by the armAn apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.此外，在be red in the face（脸红），be lame in the right leg（右腿瘸）, be blind in the left eye（左眼瞎）等结构中，名词前也要用the.（7）用在某些固定结构中in the endin the daytimeget into/ in the habit of养成…习惯make the most/ best of充分利用in the distance在远处in the way挡路on the whole总之on the right/leftat the same timeat the momentfor the time being暂时in the public eye广为人知的go to the doctor’s去看医生by the way顺便说the other day (=a few days ago)几天前on the radio/phone通过广播/电话on the spot当场，在原地to tell (you) the truthgo to the cinemanot in the least (=not at all)一点也不on the one hand…, on the other hand…for the most part整体上，通常，多半零冠词（1）不可数名词、复数名词表类指，用零冠词My father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.（2）名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no ,any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、限定词以及名词所有格等限定时不再用冠词。