超前地质预报系统TRT
Array of accelerometers connected to remote wireless modules
Wireless seismic data acquisition User Interface
测试过程“简单”
• 震源只需要用8磅的锤锤击表面的岩体 或固结的混凝土。
• 准备时间短,对施工扰动小采集时间仅 需10分钟。
入射传播时间“Ti”
反射阶段传播时间
Travel time "Ti" from source to reflector
“Tr”
Travel time "Tr" from Reflector to receiver
Receiver
震 Source
源
Ti
传感器
Tr
Reflector
反射物
反射波总传播时间: Total travel time for reflected waves (Tt = Ti + Tr) defines ellipsoid in
three-dimensional space for each source-receiver pair 每对震源和传感器的反射波总传播时间在三维空间定义了一个椭球
Tunnel
传感器
Receiver
震
Source 源
Receiver
传感器
Reflector
反射物
True reflector location requires a number of ellipsoids for different source-receiver pairs
Trigger Tt
Time
processing to generate
Source
impact-like records
S-waves
S-waves
Elastic strain P-waves
反射的地震信号被高灵敏地震信号传 感器接收,反射体的尺寸越大,声学 阻抗差别越大,回波就越明显,越容 易探测到。通过分析,被用来了解隧 道工作面前方地质体的性质(软弱带、 破碎带、断层、含水等),位置、形 状、大小。
ADVANTAGES
No commercial power; No expensive seismograph; No cable lines; Less total weight and volume; Better resolution of seismic signals
Block-schematic for wireless TRT™ surveys using hammer as source.
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ERROR
3. Strike the Hammer 锤击
Hammer
Trigger signal
Base station
Laptop for wireless TRT data acquisition and processing
A2
Source @ S5
A2
A3
A3
A4
A4
A5
A5
A6
A6
A7
A7
A8
A8
A9A90TIME, ms65
0
TIME, ms
65
Comparison of seismic data from wired (red), and
wireless (blue) TRT survey in real tunnel.
No drilling and explosives Crushed rock
Inelastic energy loss
Seismic energy output
Time
Fractured rock
Problems in tight spaces
S-waves
S-waves
P-waves
Elastic strain
Directional P- and S-waves
Source
Operational in tight spots
Applicable at the rock surface
Reflection
and in drilled holes Requires additional signal
Impact-like record
TRT6000超前地质预报系统
铁科院铁建所
TRT6000超前地质预报系统
① 是一种全新的地质超前预报设备 ② 采用的是美国国家安全局研发的最 新地震波反射追踪技术
一种全新的地质超前预报设备。
二十世纪六十年代,在美国先进技术发 展计划基金支持下,美国国家安全局网罗了 众多资深地球物理学家应用地震波勘测技术 来研究地层应力消除现象及地层结构扫描成 像,简称TRT技术。
Coupling accelerometers to softer ground surface (e.g. salt). –Approach 2
Tools
Section
Mounted accelerometer
A5 A10
A2
A3
A7
A8
TBM tunnel
2m
震源点
A4
A6
Source points A9
E
Limited inelastic deformation;
depends on rock strength
No-control frequency spectrum
Directional P- and S-waves
Trigger
Moderate wave decay
More consistent trigger
• 2006年,为推广这一先进技术,美 国C-Thru公司从国家安全局继承了相 关资产,与中国铁道科学研究院联合 推出了TRT6000超前地质预报系统。
1、工作原理
地震波反射
在于当地震波遇到声学阻抗差异(密度和 波速的乘积)界面时,一部分信号被反射 回来,一部分信号透射进入前方介质。声 学阻抗的变化通常发生在地质岩层界面或 岩体内不连续界面。
(303) 449-1999
ON CHARGINOGN CSHAAMRPGLIINNGG SAMEPRLRIONGR
ERROR
AWTOOTH
WIRELESS SENSORS, LLC
59 Mesa St. (PO Box 85) Jamestown, CO, USA 80455
(303) 449-1999
Swept frequeny source
Near 0 inelastic deformation energy loss at any ground
Very high trigger repeatability Controlled source spectrum
A
Fe
Fs Spectrum
Trigger
实际上反射物位置的确定需要很多震源-传感器定义的椭球
2、主要部分组成
① 主机 ② 基站 ③ 无线模块 ④ 传感器 ⑤ 触发器
---无线数据采集的硬件系统---
TRT6000超前地质预报系统
仪器运输箱
TRT6000超前地质预报系统
仪器运输箱,总重28kg,可由一人长距离搬运,尺寸: 55cm*43Cm*22Cm,47cm*36cm*22cm.
Charge Crushed rock
Fractured rock
Elastic strain; P-wave radiation
E
Inelastic energy loss
Seismic energy output
Trigger
Time
Seismic impact sources:
Hammer strike
P-waves (dilatational particle motion)
S-waves (lateral motion)
Side view
S-wave surface relatives:
Raileigh waves & Love waves
View along trajectory
SH or
SV
Seismic waves in the ground
Seismic impact sources: Blast
Significant inelastic deformation Lower, no-control frequency
spectrum 3D radiation - mostly P-waves Faster signal decay Trigger repeatability problem Required drilling Dealing w. explosives
Using hammer as impact source 用锤击作为振源
弥补失误“简单”
• 由人控制锤击产生地震波、对 周围岩体没有产生挤压、破坏现 象 ,对于接收不好的测试信号, 可简单重复测试,操作简单。
And the data is collected 采集到的地震波数据
Source @ S2
Comparison of seismic record for the same gain recorded by wired seismograph (top)
TRT6000超前地质预报系统
---无线数据采集的硬件系统---
主机
主要部件运输箱
基站 无线模块
布置方式和数据采集