翻译讲义：I.翻译训练1 选择词义---根据上下文判断词性，确定词义；注意句与句之间的关系及词汇的搭配来确定词义。

---He works very hard.---Don’t be too hard on the child.---It was a hard hit.---These are hard words, but they are brutally true.---She was looking at us very hard.--- With so much at stake, the chairman had a great many questions.2增词技巧―――根据意义（或修辞）和句法的需要，在原文的基础上增加一些必要的单词，词组，分句或完整句，如量词，助词，概括词或名词复数的词，不同时态的词，语态的词，解释性文字等。

---That evening they dressed themselves and went to the cinema.---At last my dream came true.---Decisiveness and perseverance are keys for people to succeed in business.---It was darkening and the street tension was on the rise.---Most of the problems have been settled satisfactorily.---He started the car, which hummed smoothly.---This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best.3省略词汇―――英语中的先行词，系动词，代词，介词，连词，冠词，名词复数形式可省略。

---It is difficult to make him realize the truth.---It seems clear that the human body is equipped to overlook the need for sleep so as to meet the emergencies without doing any harm to it.---It is not wrong to enjoy your work and your leisure when you can afford to support yourself.---The worker, who had carefully read through the instruction before running the new machine, couldn’t produce satisfactory products.---I wish to write an article that will attract public attention to the moral education.---That was how they were defeated by us.---The meeting generally lasted from ten days to fortnight, of even three weeks.---He was smooth and agreeable to meet.---Thermoplastic plastics become soft if they are heated.---I am not a poet. I couldn’t write a single line to depict her beauty.４转换词类――转换原文中的词性，如动―――名，副――形／动等。

---The main reason is the growing complexity and widening scope of present-day research.---Suddenly, I felt a gentle touch on my shoulder and turned around.---When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.---There is an increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.---You can’t think how angry your mot her was at the news then.---The ease with which he lifted up the huge stone quite surprised us.---The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match the growth in population.---She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded office and into the privacy of the library.---Yet all of history has taught us that ht denial of these ultimate results in a paralyzing mass selfishness.--- We realized the growing need and necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy.５正反互译―――英正面意义――汉反面译义，或相反。

使表达更通顺。

--- But that is very extraordinary. It seems against nature.---They were all excited, so now I had to put on the calm act to prevent my worry from speaking.---Generally, she accepted the family life in all its crowded inadequacy.---They were suspicious and resentful of their parents.---The next species of intelligent life on the earth will be a creature like ourselves but with a - very large head and weak muscles.---One ought to be able to carry out one’s own things by oneself.---Our people are fearless and dependable people.---The officers distributed papers requiring citizens to conserve water.---Supposing that it rained, we would postpone the football match.---Since this experiment failed, we are back to square one.６句子顺译法－当英文句子结构顺序，逻辑关系安排符合汉语习惯时，译文可按原文顺序译出。

---If the other components in the system do not deliver equally high performance, the benefits of the linear motor will be lost.---People become desperate for work, which will help them to keep alive their families.---We should genuinely commend these kids for their accomplishments, but some of them may be setting their aspiration so high that it could be a built-in road to failure.７逆译法－调整语序进行翻译。

英语多松散句（中心在句首），汉语则多圆周句（中心在句尾）。

翻译时，英语中很长的松散句，常常不按原文顺序而是倒着翻译，把中心放在最后。

英语后置定语――汉语前置定语，英语后置状语―――汉语前置。

---We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much money would be required.---Team confidence is built on a policy of openness and awareness of all the problems that all affect the final product.---In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to interpret dreams were likely to be highly respected.８合译法---把比较简单的限定性定语从句译成句中的一个成分，放在被修饰的词之前或将主句压缩成汉语词组作主语，英语复合句译成汉语简单句。

而英语非限定性定语从句可译成前置定语。

---A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.９分译法――英语长句中主句与从句，与修饰词的关系不是十分密切时，译文可按汉语习惯多用短句，或长句中的从句／短语化为句子，有时可增加词语使语义连贯。

---The businessman, who had long been interested in fame, was flattered.---There are some people who won’t leave home in the morning without an umbrella.１０综合法――译长句时，综合上述方法，恰当处理句子，使译文通顺。