On the education of children:
❖ “As she grew up, I would have her instructed in geometry, that she might know something of the contagious countries”, she said.
Malapropism
❖ Ludicrous misuse of words, esp. for one resembling it. (用词错误、用语错误、飞白，尤指误用发音 相似而意义全非的词) e.g.
Denotative meaning
❖ [+HUMAN +ADULT +MALE]---- man ❖ [+HUMAN +ADULT –MALE]---- women ❖ [+HUMAN –ADULT +FEMAL]---- girl ❖ Boy ----[+HUMAN –ADULT +MALE] ❖ Bull ----[–HUMAN +ADULT +MALE]
Homophony
❖ One semantic relationship between words which sounds alike but are written differently and often have different meanings.
❖ e.g. know---❖ threw---❖ bare---❖ meet---❖ flower---❖ sew---❖ dear---❖ right----
Uganda.
❖ 3) SouSrecleected from A Short Guide to English
Style (Warner, 1960) , which tells how to write clean English
how to see English style today how to develop English style
Cultivating a sense of appropriateness in style
Learning to use analogy as an expository means.
I. Preparation
❖ 1) Topic
“Hit the Nail on the Head”
Denotation: original meaning— force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear.
❖ Mrs. Malaprop misused geography as geometry, then further misused contiguous as contagious.
❖ The poor matching derives the term Malapropism resulting from using Homophimple…
❖
swallow-----alert, auspicious…
Connotative meaning
❖ Grin ❖ Beam ❖ Smile ❖ Smirk
❖ ❖ ❖
the most common word? the difference on meaning? the relationship among them?
❖Connotative meaning (内涵/隐含意 义) refers to the implied or communicative meaning, over or above the word’s denotative meaning.
Connotative meaning
❖ e.g. milk-----nutritious, healthy…
The Rivals
by Richard Brinsley Sheridan
❖ One heroine in the drama is called Mrs. Malaprop who likes to show herself talented in use of words, though having little learning. While things go contrary to her wishes, her words are unbearably funny and laugh-evoking.
❖ Denotative meaning (外延/指示 意义) refers to the essential and inextricable part of what language is, is regarded as the central factor in verbal communication.
Hyponymy (上下义关系)
❖ superordinate （上义词） ❖ hyponyms （下义词） ❖ co-hyponym （共下义词）
I. Preparation
❖ 2) Author
Alan Warner (1912- ), English teacher at Makerere College (麦大), Kampala (坎帕拉),
Connotation: implied meaning— exactly right in words or action.
Advice by the author:
❖English learners should try to get the words, phrases and sentences completely right for their purposes in writing.
Unit One
TEXT I Hit the Nail on the Head (恰到好处；一语中的）
---Alan Warner
Teaching objectives
Understanding the various aspects related to the usage of words.