英语语法专题（2）——倒装句倒装句有以下六大类:（1）含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装（2）含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装（3）“so（nor, neither）+助动词 + 主语”与“so（nor, neither）+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别（4）省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装（5）not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装（6）only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装【知识要点】主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。
反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
1 全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。
主要有：1．以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be，come，go等，则须用全部倒装。
如：There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain．山脚下有—条河。
2．以then，now，thus开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be，主语又是名词/名词词组，则用全部倒装(若主语是代词，则不能倒装)。
如：Now comes your turn!该你了3．当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be，come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist等时，常用全部倒装。
如：On the ground lay an old man，who was dying．地上躺着一位老人，奄奄一息。
4．such作表语，置于句首，表示“这样的人/事物；上述的人/事物”。
be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。
如：Such is their decision．他们的决定就是这样。
2 部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面，叫部分倒装。
主要有：1．在疑问句中须部分倒装。
但在疑问词作主语的特殊疑问句里，不用倒装。
如：①Does he speak Chinese?他说中国话吗?②Who is in this room?谁在这个房间里?2．用于以so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so+主语+d0”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so相当于indeed，certainly。
如：①Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and SO have I．玛丽已经记住了200个单词，我也是这样。
②一The girls study hard．这些女孩学习刻苦。
一so they do．她们的确如此。
3．在以never，seldom，not only，rarely，scarcely，in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。
如：Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery．我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。
4．only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。
如：Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could the operation be conducted．只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后，手术才能进行。
5．在so…that，such…that句型中，当SO，such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装。
如：So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him．他说话声音那样大，隔壁屋里的人都能听见。
6．在hardly…when，no sooner…than，not until句型中，主句须部分倒装。
如：Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow．他一到，天就下起雪来了。
7．as引导的让步状语从句结构为：形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语。
如：。
①Tired as he was，he stayed up late．他虽然疲倦，可仍然很晚才睡。
②Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood．尽管我已经解释了，但我还是不被理解。
③Child as he is，he knows a lot．尽管他是个孩子，可他知道很多。
(注意开头的名词前无冠词)8．在省略了if的虚拟条件句中，were，had或should置于句首。
如：Were I in your position，1 would not go．我要是在你的位置上，我是不会去的。
9．however，no matter how引导的让步状语从句。
如：However hard he worked，he couldn‟t sol ve the problem．不管多努力，他就是解决不了那个问题。
…解题要领这种类型的部分倒装结构为：only + 副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句 + 系动词be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分 + 其他成分。
之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别（4）省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装（5）not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装（6）only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装方法技巧点拨1.要注意倒装句中的主谓一致、时态一致及人称一致等问题。
2.加强理解分析能力，切忌机械记忆，注意知识间的交叉，分清句子成分。
倒装句练习：1._______ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumpedB. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the catD. Jumped up the cat2.______ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr BrownB. Mr Brown in cameC. In came heD. came in Mr Brown3. Over _______ , dead.A. rolling the goatB. rolled the goatC. did the goat rollD. the goat rolled4.— Where is my shirt, mum? —_________.A. There is itB. There it isC. There isD. Here is it5. — Where is your father? —Oh, ________.A. here he comesB. he here comesC. here does he comeD. here comes he6.The door opened and there ________ .A. enters an old manB. entered an old manC. did an old man enterD. an old man entered7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.A. will comeB. comesC. has comeD. there is8. Often _____ them not to smoke here.A. we advisedB. advised meC. did we adviseD. had we advised9. ________ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boysB. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the roomD. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _______ two large portraits.A. are hanging B .Hanged C. hang D. hangs11. _______ who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldierB. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier wasD. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.A. that lives an old manB. does an old man liveC. lives an old manD. where lives an old man13.She plays the piano very well, ______.A. so every one of us doesB. every one of us doesC. so does every one of usD. so do every one of us14.You say he works hard, ______, and _____.A. so he does; so you doB. so he does; so do youC. so does he; so do youD. so does he; so you do15. —I thought you women were present at the meeting. —__________.A. So we wereB. So we didC. So were weD. So did we16.I don’t think Jack will come today, _____.A. nor will MaryB. and Mary doe sn’tC. Mary will eitherD. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _____I .A. so amB. nor amC. neither doD. nor do18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.A. So it was with EnglesB. So was it with EnglesC. So was EnglesD. So did Engles19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._______.A. So does a manB. So will a manC. So it is with a manD. So is it with a man20. So absorbed _______ the work that she often forgot to _____ her meals.A. had she been in; doB. she was in; makeC. was she in; takeD. she had been in ; have21.So loudly ______ that every one of the class could hear him.A. did he speakB. did he spokeC. spoke heD. he spoke22. __________ his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. Strange so wasB. So strange wasC. Was so strangeD. So was strange23.Not once ______ their plan.A. did they changeB. they changedC. changed theyD. they did change24. Never ______ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.A. are seeingB. had I seenC. I have seenD. have I seen25.Seldom ______ TV during the day.A. they watchB. are they watchingC. have they watchedD. do they watch26.Nowhere ______ as in my garden.A. the flowers were so beautifulB. were the flowers so beautifulC. so beautiful were the flowersD. so beautiful the flowers were27. Hardly ________ his homework when he went out.A. finished heB. he had finishedC. did he finishD. had he finished28.Scarcely _____ finished their homework ______ I came into the classroom.A. had they; thanB. they had; whenC. had they; whenD. did they; when29. Not only _______ a promise, but also he kept it.A. has he madeB. does he makeC. he madeD. did he make30. Not until his comrades criticized him _______ to admit his mistake.A. had he begunB. began heC. did he beginD. does he beginKeys：1—5 CABBA 6—10 BBBDA 11—15 BCCBA16—20 BAACC 21—25 ABADD 26—30 BDCDC。