Photo 1-3
Part : Inner ring of deep groove ball bearing Symptom : Flaking of raceway at ball pitch Cause : Dents due to shock load during mounting
Photo 1-5
单向轴向负荷
(g)
Inner ring rotation内圈旋转 Radial and axial loads 轴向及径向复合负荷
(h)
Inner ring rotation内圈旋转 Axial load and misalignment
轴向负荷及不对中
Click on a picture to enlarge it
Moment load; Entry of
smooth surface of the
foreign debris, water •
raceway or rolling
penetration; Poor
elements due to
lubrication, improper •
rolling fatigue, thereby
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Inner ring rotation内圈旋转 Radial load径向负荷
Outer ring rotation外圈旋转 Rner ring or outer ring rotation内圈或外圈旋转 Axial load in one direction
Flaking 剥落
Photo 1-1
Part : Inner ring of an angular contact ball bearing Symptom : Flaking around half of the circumference of the raceway surface Cause : Poor lubrication due to entry of cutting coolant into bearing
Photo 1-9
Part : Inner ring of a spherical roller bearing Symptom : Flaking of only one row of raceway Cause : Poor lubrication
Photo 1-2
Part : Inner ring of an angular contact ball bearing Symptom : Flaking diagonally along raceway Cause : Poor alignment between shaft and housing during mounting
Bearing
Trouble Shooting
轴承故障检修
Load/Contact Patterns
负荷/接触痕迹
Typical Running Traces of Deep Groove Ball Bearings
深沟球轴承的典型运行痕迹
(a) shows the most common running trace generated when the inner ring rotates under a radial load only.
lubricant; Unsuitable
creating regions
bearing clearance;
having rough and
Improper precision for
coarse texture.
shaft or housing,
•
unevenness in
housing rigidity, large
Part : Outer ring of Photo 1-4 Symptom : Flaking of raceway surface at ball pitch Cause : Dents due to shock load while stationary
Photo 1-7
Part : Inner ring of a spherical roller bearing Symptom : Flaking of only one raceway over its entire circumference Cause : Excessive axial load
（e）所示为轴承内圈旋转仅受径向负荷时最常见的正常运行痕迹。
(e) through (h) show different running traces that result in a shortened life due to their adverse effect on bearings.
（e）－（h）所示的轴承运行痕迹是由于轴承遭受不良影响所致，这类情况往往会导致轴承实际使用寿命的降低。
Damage Types & Causes
轴承损伤类型及其原因
In general, if rolling bearings are used correctly, they will survive to their predicted fatigue life. Bearings, however, often fail prematurely due to avoidable mistakes. The causes of, this premature failure include improper mounting, mishandling, poor lubrication, entry of foreign matter or abnormal heat generation. For example, one cause of premature failure is rib Scoring which is due to insufficient lubrication, use of improper lubricant, faulty lubrication system, entry of foreign matter, bearing mounting error, excessive deflection of the shaft or some combination of these. If all conditions are known for the times both before and after the failure, including the application, the operating conditions, and environment, then a countermeasure can be determined by studying the nature of the failure and its probable causes. A successful countermeasure will reduce similar failures or prevent them from happening again. Examples of bearing damage and countermeasures are presented in the following sections. Please consult these sections when trying to determine the cause of bearing damage.
Inner ring rotation 内圈旋转 Moment load瞬间冲击负荷 (Misalignment)（不对中）
Inner ring rotation内圈旋转
Housing bore is oval 椭圆形轴承箱孔
Inner ring rotation内圈旋转 No radial internal clearance 无径向游隙（负运行游隙）
Flaking 剥落
Damage Condition
Possible Causes
Flaking occurs when
Excessive load; Poor
small pieces of
mounting
•
bearing material are
(misalignment);
split off from the
Radial load 径向负荷
Inner ring rotation 内圈旋转
Axial load 轴向负荷
Inner ring rotation 内圈旋转
Radial and moment loads径向及
冲击负荷 (Misalignment)不对中
Damage Types & Causes
轴承损伤类型及其原因
(Negative operating clearance)
Typical Running Traces of Roller Bearings
滚子轴承的典型运行痕迹
(i) shows the outer ring running trace when a radial load is properly applied to a cylindrical roller bearing which has a load on a rotating inner ring. (j) shows the running trace in the case of shaft bending or relative inclination between the inner and outer rings. This misalignment leads to the generation of slightly shaded (dull) bands in the width direction. Traces are diagonal at the beginning and end of the loading zone. For double-row tapered roller bearings where a single load is applied to the rotating inner ring, (k) shows the running trace on the outer ring under radial load while (I) shows the running trace on the outer ring under axial load. When misalignment exists between the inner and the outer rings, then the application of a radial load causes running traces to appear on the outer ring as shown in (m).