高考英语语法复习系列：宾语补足语讲解及练习May 11, 2010 ★宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。
宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语宾语补足语用法: 能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。
有以下几类：1．感觉动词，如：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。
如：He heard a distant voice shouting. Did you see a car being driven away?2．含使动意义的动词，如：let, have, get, make, would like, want这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过去分词。
如：We have just had the house repaired. You must get the car repaired.I want the work finished by January 1st.3．含命名意义的动词，如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。
这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。
如：Call me Joe, please. She was elected the president of the company.这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。
如：They have made me the chairman. (宾补) They have made me a nice chair. (直接宾语)4．结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般是不定式。
常见的动词很多，如：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, want, warn, wish等。
They asked me to tell you how much we appreciated your help.5 有几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。
如：We found it very difficult to solve the problem. How can you keep them waiting for so long?★常见的宾补形式1. 名词做宾补⑴She found him a very clever boy. ⑵They named the child Jimmy.⑶My mother looks so young that we would think her my sister.【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不能用冠词。
例如：In 1864 Lincoln was made President of the United States for the second time.The queen made him officer of the guard．John was elected Chairman of the students’union.2. 形容词做宾补: He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.I found the movie very interesting. We found it important for children to follow the table rules.3. 副词做宾补Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. Have your shoes on.4.介词短语做宾补:To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.I found everything in good condition. We thought the material of great importance.5.动词–ing 形式作宾补在see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感观动词后可以用- ing 形式（即现在分词）做宾语补足语。
这时- ing 形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且- ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。
He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor. )Do you hear someone knocking at the door?①现在分词做宾补，注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.②现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：He saw an old man getting on the bus. I don’t want the children taken out in such weather.③以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again.④有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，这些动词是：catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, spy, send 等，例如：She caught her son smoking a cigarette. The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time.We must try to stop them getting into trouble. His words started me thinking seriously.6. 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。
作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
She found the door broken in when she came back．My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．★动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。
在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。
如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。
(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel,find, think, suppose, consider等。
We thought the game lost．I have never heard him spoken ill of others. She felt a great weight taken off her mind．(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。
He was trying to make himself understood．★“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：①(请人)把某事做完。
She had her house repaired．Where did you have your hair cut?②参遭遇某种意外情况。
He had his hat blown away on his way home．③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting．(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.★巩固练习：1.The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -I’d like to h ave the package ____, madam.A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed3. I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sailB. sailingC. to sailD. to have sailed4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.A. movedB. movingC. movesD. to move7.动词不定式作宾语补足语1）．后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。