邮电与信息工程学院课程设计说明书课题名称：压力容器及过程设备课程设计学生学号：6202170123专业班级：学生姓名：涂程学生成绩：指导教师：卢霞课题工作时间：2015/12/11 至2015 /12/25过程装备与控制工程《过程装备设计》课程设计任务书一、设计目的1、复习巩固《过程装备设计》中的理论内容；2、掌握设备设计的步骤、方法。
熟悉常用设备设计的标准。
二、设计题目及设计任书课程设计题目：（ 10 ）M3（ 1.65 )Mpa,D(1800)mm液化石油气储罐设计N每人一题，从表中依次选取。
1、液化石油气储罐设计见卧罐参数表，每人一组数据2、设备简图见附件。
3、设计内容与要求（1）概述简述储罐的用途、特点、使用范围等主要设计内容设计中的体会（2）工艺计算根据安装地点的气象记录确定容器的操作温度；根据操作温度、介质特性确定操作压力；筒体、封头及零部件的材料选择；（3）结构设计与材料选择封头与筒体的厚度计算封头、法兰、接管的选型和结构尺寸拟定；根据容器的容积确定总体结构尺寸。
支座选型和结构确定各工艺开孔的设置；各附件的选用；（4）容器强度的计算及校核水压试验应力校核卧式容器的应力校核开孔补强设计焊接接头设计（5）设计图纸总装配图一张A1课程设计评审标准（指导教师用）目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第一章绪论 (1)1.1液化石油气储罐的用途与分类 (1)1.2液化石油气特点 (1)1.3液化石油气储罐的设计特点 (2)第二章工艺计算 (3)2.1设计题目 (3)2.2设计数据 (3)2.3 设计压力、温度 (4)2.4 主要元件材料的选择 (4)第三章结构设计与材料选择 (6)3.1筒体与封头的壁厚计算 (6)3.2筒体和封头的结构设计 (7)3.3鞍座选型和结构设计 (8)3.4接管，法兰，垫片和螺栓的选择 (10)3.5人孔的选择 (15)3.6安全阀的设计 (15)第四章设计强度的校核 (19)4.1水压试验应力校核 (19)4.2筒体轴向弯矩计算 (20)4.3筒体轴向应力计算及校核 (20)4.4筒体和封头中的切应力计算与校核 (21)4.5筒体的周向应力计算与校核 (22)4.6鞍座应力计算与校核 (23)第五章开孔补强设计 (26)5.1 补强设计方法判别 (26)5.2有效补强范围 (27)5.3 有效补强面积 (27)5.4补强面积 (28)第六章储罐的焊接设计 (29)6.1焊接的基本要求 (29)6.2焊接的工艺设计 (30)设计总结 (32)参考文献 (33)摘要液化石油气贮罐是盛装液化石油气的常用设备, 由于该气体具有易燃易爆的特点, 因此在设计这种贮罐时, 要注意与一般气体贮罐的不同点, 尤其是安全与防火, 还要注意在制造、安装等方面的特点。
目前我国普遍采用常温压力贮罐, 常温贮罐一般有两种形式: 球形贮罐和圆筒形贮罐。
球形贮罐和圆筒形贮罐相比: 前者具有投资少, 金属耗量少, 占地面积少等优点, 但加工制造及安装复杂, 焊接工作量大, 故安装费用较高。
一般贮存总量大于5003m或单罐容积大于2003m时选用球形贮罐比较经济; 而圆筒形贮罐具有加工制造安装简单, 安装费用少等优点, 但金属耗量大占地面积大, 所m, 单罐容积小于1003m时选用卧式贮罐比较经济。
圆筒形贮罐按以在总贮量小于5003安装方式可分为卧式和立式两种。
在一般中、小型液化石油气站内大多选用卧式圆筒形贮罐, 只有某些特殊情况下(站内地方受限制等) 才选用立式。
本文主要讨论卧式圆筒形液化石油气贮罐的设计。
液化石油气呈液态时的特点。
(1) 容积膨胀系数比汽油、煤油以及水等都大, 约为水的16倍, 因此, 往槽车、贮罐以及钢瓶充灌时要严格控制灌装量, 以确保安全;(2) 容重约为水的一半。
因为液化石油气是由多种碳氢化合物组成的, 所以液化石油气的液态比重即为各组成成份的平均比重, 如在常温20℃时, 液态丙烷的比重为0. 50, 液态丁烷的比重为0. 56 0. 58, 因此, 液化石油气的液态比重大体可认为在0. 51左右, 即为水的一半。
卧式液化石油气贮罐设计的特点：卧式液化石油气贮罐也是一个储存压力容器, 也应按GB150《钢制压力容器》进行制造、试验和验收; 并接受劳动部颁发《压力容器安全技术监察规程》(简称容规) 的监督。
液化石油气贮罐, 不论是卧式还是球罐都属第三类压力容器。
贮罐主要有筒体、封头、人孔、支座以及各种接管组成。
贮罐上设有液相管、液相回液管、气相管、排污管以及安全阀、压力表、温度计、液面计等。
关键词：液化石油气，压力容器，卧式储罐，设计AbstractLPG storage tanks containing liquefied petroleum gas is commonly used equipment, since the gas has explosive characteristics, therefore the design of this tank, pay attention to the gas tank and the general difference, especially security and fire protection Also note that the characteristics in terms of manufacturing, installation and the like. Now widely used in China normal pressure tank, room temperature storage tanks are generally two forms: spherical tank and cylindrical tank. Spherical tank and cylindrical tank compared: the former with less investment, less metal consumption, small footprint, etc., but the manufacturing and installation of complex welding heavy workload, so the higher installation costs. When the choice is generally greater than the total storage tank volume is greater than 500 or 200 single spherical tank more economical; and a cylindrical tank with a manufacturing installation is simple, less installation costs, etc., but a large area of large metal consumption, so Total storage is less than 500, a single tank volume more economical choice of horizontal tank is less than 100. Cylindrical tank according to the installation can be divided into horizontal and vertical. In general, the most use of liquefied petroleum gas station within small horizontal cylindrical tank, only under certain special circumstances (restricted local station, etc.) was chosen vertical. This article focuses on horizontal cylindrical LPG tank design. LPG was characteristic of liquid when. (1) The volume expansion coefficient than that of gasoline, kerosene and water are all big, about 16 times the water, therefore, to when tankers, tank and cylinder filling to strictly control the filling volume, to ensure safety; (2) Bulk density is about half water. Because LPG is composed by a variety of hydrocarbons, so the proportion of liquid LPG is the average proportion of each component ingredients, such as at room temperature 20 ℃, the proportion was 0.50 liquid propane, liquid butane 0.58 specific gravity of 0.56, therefore, the proportion of LPG liquid generally believed about 0.51, that is half full of water. Horizontal LPG tank design features. Horizontal LPG storage tank is a pressure vessel, also should GB150 "steel pressure vessel" in the manufacture, testing and acceptance; and accept the Ministry of Labor issued "Pressure Vessel Safety Technology Supervision" (referred to content regulation) supervision . Liquefied petroleum gas tank, whether horizontal or belong to a third tank pressure vessel. Tank main cylinder, head, manholes, bearings and various takeover components. With a liquid tube, liquid return tube, gas pipes, sewage pipes as well as the safety valve, pressure gauge, thermometer, level gauge on the tank, etc. Keywords: Liquefied petroleum gas, pressure vessels, horizontal tank design第一章绪论1.1液化石油气储罐的用途与分类液化石油气储罐有压缩气体或液化气体储罐等，液化石油气储罐按容器的容积变化与否可分为固定容积储罐和活动容积储罐两类，大型固定容积液化石油气储罐制成球形，小型的则制成圆筒形。