现在完成进行时现在完成时（1）现在完成时除可以和for, since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last few years/months/weeks, in recent years等。

例：Great changes have taken place in the last few years in our hometown.过去几年我们的家乡发生了巨大变化。

（2）下列句型中常用现在完成时：It is/has been +一段时间+ since从句This/That/It is the first/second time that+完成时This/That/It is the only...+that+完成时This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting...+that从句+完成时例：It is the second time that I have been to Shanghai. 这是我第二次来上海。

2. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示到现在为止一直进行的动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了。

现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has+been+v-ing”构成；否定形式have/has+not+been+ v-ing；疑问形式是将have/has提前。

例：①—Hi, Tracy, you look tired. 嗨，特蕾西！你看上去很累。

—Yes. I have been working all the time. 是的，我一直都在工作。

①The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国人造纸已有2000年历史了。

①I have been telling him to study hard. 我一直告诉他学习要刻苦学习。

基本用法：（1）表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。

例：①I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大约一个小时了。

（说话时“等”的动作刚结束）①She has been working all night long. 她工作了一夜。

（说话时“工作”的动作刚结束）（2）表示从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话时还在继续进行，并有可能延续下去的动作。

常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。

例：①They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。

①It has been raining for 3 days. 雨下了三天了。

（3）表示一个过去的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果（相当于现在完成时）。

例：①She has been doing too much work. 她做的工作太多了。

①Who has been insulting you? 谁欺负你了？（4）表示重复（指断断续续，而非一直不停）例：①We have been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已讨论那件事数次了。

①I have been saying goodbye to some friends today. 我今天同好几个朋友告了别。

（5）现在完成进行时多用持续性动词，如live, learn, lie, stay, wait, stand, rest, study等；常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语连用。

例：①What have you been doing recently? 你最近一直在做什么？①I have been fixing the fridge all this morning. 我一上午都在修理冰箱。

3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较（1）现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过的动作；现在完成时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作。

例：①I have written an article. 我写了一篇文章。

（已完成）①I have been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。

（还在写）①They have built a ship. 他们建了一艘船。

（已完成）①They have been building a ship. 他们一直在建一艘船。

（还在进行）（2）当现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束时，现在完成时强调动作的结果，现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以前持续进行的情景，并带有感情色彩。

例：①Now we have cleaned the room, we can move the things in.现在房子打扫好了，我们可以往里搬东西了。

（强调打扫完了的结果）①—You look so tired. What have you been doing? 你看起来很累，你干什么了？—I've been playing football. 我踢足球了。

（强调不久前踢球的情景）（3）有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。

例：①I’ve known him for many years. 我认识他有许多年了。

①The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。

（4）有少数动词（如live, work, teach, study等）用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。

例：①I’ve lived/been living here for 30 years. 我在这儿住了30年了。

①How long have you worked/been working here? 你在这里工作多久了?（1）现在完成进行时不与状态动词连用如：include, believe, belong, doubt, agree, know, have, 注：wish, want, love, hate, own等。

例：They have always had a big house. 他们一直有个大房子。

（2）现在完成进行时没有被动语态例：They have been repairing the house. （√）他们一直在修房子。

The house has been being repaired.（×）时态语态综合讲解在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。

要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。

1.一般现在时一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。

用所给词的适当形式填空：①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.①The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take)．①My train ________(leave) at 6：30.①A snow ________(expect) to come next week.①On the wall ________(hang) a picture.①This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.①Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.①He said water________(boil) at 100 ①.2. 一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。

现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now ＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。

请区别下列几组句子：①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)①It's two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)It's two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)①This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.① He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)①I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)用所给词的适当形式填空：①—I haven't seen you for ages. Haven't you graduated from college?—Yes. I________(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.①Where ________ you________(put) my book? I can't find it anywhere.①Although he has lived with us for years，he ________(not leave) us much impression.①My brother is an actor. He ________(appear) in several films in the past few years.①—Li Pin may not come tonight.—But he ________(promise)．3. 过去完成时和将来完成时过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。