1.Engine
1.2.3intake system进气系统
Intake system includes an air filter, intake manifold, inlet gate mechanism，it supply engine with fresh air 进气系统包括空气滤清器、进气歧管、进汽门机构，它为发动机提供新鲜 空气
发动机作为动力设备，常见的类 型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机 缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。 发动机可分为两类：汽油机和柴油机
1.Engine
1.1The basic performance principle of four-stroke gasoline engine 四冲程汽油机基本工作原理
2.Chassis底盘
2.1 Power train system传动系统
The power train system is provided with reducing the speed, variable speed, backing up, break the engine power, differential between the wheels, and between axles. Working with engine ,it can guarantee a car in normal driving under various working conditions, and has good power performance and fuel economy. 传动系统具有减速、变速、倒车、中断动力、轮间差速和轴间差速等动能， 与发动机配合工作，能保证汽车在个各种工况条件下的正常行驶，并具有 良好的动力性和经济性。
mechanism,six systems，they are
1.crank mechanism 2.valve train 3.intake system 4.ignition system 5.cooling system 6.lubrication system 7.exhaust system
1.Intake stroke 吸气行程 pression stroke 压缩行程 3.Working stroke 做功行程 4.Exhaust stroke 排气行程
1.Engine
1.2Engine Overall Mechanics
发动机总体构造
The engine has hundreds of other parts . It includes two
Automobile basic construction 汽车构造基础
Automobile components
汽车主要包括哪几部分呢？
What’s the main parts of an automobile?
Automobile components
Engine + Gear box
Body
To ensure the normal operation of the engine, the surfaces of relative motion parts of the engine must be lubricated. 为保证发动机的正常工作，必须对发动机
内相对运动部件表面进行润滑.
2.Chassis底盘
Power train system includes
1.clutch 离合器 2.transmission 变速器 3.universial joints 万向节 4.drive axle 驱动桥 5.Differential 差速器 6.half axle 半轴 7.final drive 主减速器 8.drive shaft 传动轴
1.Engine
1.2.2valve train配气机构
The function of valve train is make sure the intake and exhaust valves can open and close at just the right time .配气机构的功 能就是确保进气门和排气门在正确的时间打开和关闭
energy conversion.
曲柄连杆机构是发动机实现工作循环，完成能量转 换的主要运动部分。
1.Engine
Crank mechanism includes
Body group机体组: cylinder block, cylinder head, gasket,crankcase, cylinder liners and oil pan气缸体，气缸盖、气缸垫、曲轴箱、汽缸套及油底壳
It usually consists of a battery, a generator, distributor, ignition coil and spark plugs.通常由蓄电 池、发电机、分电器、点火线圈和火花塞等组成
1.Engine
1.2.6 cooling system冷却系统
现在的车辆一般都由 15000多个分散、独立且 相互配合的零部件组成。 这些零部件主要分为四类 ：车身、发动机、底盘和 电气设备。
1.Engine
The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline and diesel
1.Engine
valve train includes valves, valve guides, valve seats and valve springs, camshaft ，timing gear, tappet and guide rods, push rod, rocker气门，气门导 管，气门座和气门弹簧，凸轮轴、正时齿轮、挺柱及其导杆，推杆、摇臂
发动机有上百个零部件，发动机是由 两个机构和五大系统组成的，他们分 别是曲柄连杆机构，配气机构，进气 系统，点火系统，冷却系统，润滑系 统，和排气系统。每个系统都有一定 的功能。这些系统将在下面详细讨论。
Each of these systems has a definite function. These systems will
1.Engine
1.2.5ignition system点火系统
The automobile ignition system has two basic functions ; it must control the spark and timing of the spark plug firing to match varying engine requirements , and it must increase battery voltage to a point where it will overcome the resistance offered by the spark plug gap and fire the plug 汽车 点火系统有两个基本功能;它必须控制火花塞点 火的时间以匹配发动机的要求，它必须增加电池 电压到一个点，能克服火花塞间隙的阻力并点火。
Electrical system
Suspension
Steering
Power train
Braking
Chassis
Automobile components
Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。
1.Engine
Piston rod Group: pistons, piston rings, piston pins, connecting rods活塞连杆组：活塞、活塞环、活塞销、连杆
1.Engine
Crankshaft Flywheel Group: crankshaft, flywheel, torsional damper, balancer曲 轴飞轮组：曲轴、飞轮、扭转减振器、平衡轴
It includes water pump, radiator, cooling fan, thermostat, water jacket and other ancillary devices.它包括水泵、散热器、冷却风扇、节温器、水套以及其他附 属装置。
1.Engine
1.2.7 lubrication system润滑系统
1.Engine
1.2.4 exhaust system排气系统
Exhaust system refers to the collection and emissions systems, including exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe， converters, mufflers排气系统指收集并且排放废气的 系统，包括排气歧管、排气管、催化转化器和消音器
The cooling system can control the engine work an appropriate temperature . It is necessary to prevent engine overheating, but also to prevent the engine too colding in winter.冷却系统使发动机在适当的温度范围内工作。它既要防止发 动机过热，也要防止冬季发动机过冷。