2018高考英语短文改错:设题方式讲解与选练题附(解析)答案短文改错的设题方式:【一】错词【二】漏词【三】多词一.短文改错的设题方式----错词:错词的情况归纳起来大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义词、形似词选择错误等。
1.虚词错误①介词错误。
介词错误主要集中在介词的固定搭配、介词多词义的用法以及一些意义相近介词、副词和连词的混用等。
five years away in my hometown,I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.(09全国卷I)析:“从……离开,远离”应为短语 away from,不能与in搭配。
应将in改为from。
②连词错误主要表现: 句与句之间的关系混淆,是并列、转折、承接、还是表原因;连词与介词、副词的混用,一些连词具有多重功能和词性以及意义相近连词的区别等。
meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon,and I was held up on my way back(09全国卷II)析:分析前后两个句子可知,前面的句子与后面的句子存在转折关系,不是并列关系,应将 and 改为but。
③冠词错误:冠词的考查集中在:应该使用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠词;应该使用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词;不定冠词a与an的误用等。
men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. (2009.四川卷)析:初次提到的人或物前应该用不定冠词,因此要将第一个the改为an。
2.实词错误①名词错误主要集中在:名词的单复数形式,特别注意不规则名词的复数形式;可数名词和不可数名词的混用;抽象名词具体化;名词的所有格等。
1. I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all right. (09全国卷II)析:one and a half 后接可数名词的复数形式,不能用单数。
要将hour改为hours。
②动词错误主要有:不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误;时态的不一致性;语态的错用;非谓语动词用法的选择,特别是非谓语动词作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词;在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词;以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式;谓语动词时态形式的错用;情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的误用等。
exist now a park that has a small river running through. (09全国卷I)析:句子中的there exist相当于there be形式,exist的形式跟后面的名词a park 保持一致,因此exist要用单三形式exists。
③形容词与副词错误主要表现在:这两类词的混用;形容词或副词的原级、比较级、最高级的混用等。
Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone. (09全国卷I)析:分析句子,句子中没有比较对象,不能用比较级,要将older改为原形old。
④引导词错误:在复合句中引导从句的连接词的错误运用,特别是在定语从句中关系词的错误运用,宾语从句中连接词的误用等。
day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father for the money. (09辽宁卷)析:非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时只能用which不能用that,应将that改为which。
⑤代词错误。
代词考查主要集中在句子中代词的一致性、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词的混用等。
I was in high school, most of my friends had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. (2009.辽宁卷)析:根据句义后面句子中的it与前面句子中的bicycles是一类物,表示泛指。
因此要将it改为one。
⑥思维定势干扰错误。
由于受汉语思维定势影响,造成一些英语词语的搭配错误。
’m glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. (09海南、宁夏卷)析: anything意思是“任何事或任何物”,而everything表示“所有的东西或物”,很显然句子强调在宿舍的所有事情,应将anything改为everything。
⑦行文逻辑错误。
高考短文改错中,涉及短文主旨大意及逻辑关系的错误这类试题的隐蔽性较强,单独看并没有错,但若放在整篇中则与全篇的意思不符。
I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right.析:直接分析该句,没有任何错误,但结合上下文可看出句子是在转述过去发生的事情,不能用here,因此应将here改为there。
二、短文改错的设题方式----漏词漏词考查主要集中在:名词前漏冠词;不及物动词后漏掉相应的介词。
不定式前少了不该省的to;分句与分句之间往往漏掉相应的连词;句子中助动词、情态动词的遗漏。
复合句中关系词、连接词的遗漏;以及句子中替代词的遗漏等。
day, the school held party, where I was invited to talk about Tianjin. (08天津卷)析:初次提到的可数名词单数前面要加不定冠词,因此要在party前加不定冠词a。
was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything (09浙江卷)析:在it is/was possible to do sth结构中,动词不定式符合不能省略,因此要在give前加to。
三、短文改错的设题方式----多词多词考查主要集中在介词、副词、连接词、冠词、不定式符号to、代词、助动词等。
这些词大都为虚词,在句子中的作用显得不大,但极易引起误用,是学生语言运用中最常犯的错误。
market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.(09全国卷I)析:句子的意思为“市场把位置让给了一个超市”。
这里并不表示被动意义,要将been 去掉。
2. I’m sorry that I wasn’t able to return to your bike on time yesterday.(09全国卷II)析:return to的意思为返回到某地,而在句子中的意思为归还某物,不能加to,要将to 去掉。
A【2016·四川】短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。
每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It is Mother’s Day it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the is a great Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s get up early in the cleaned the house,and then went on he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in dishes what I cooked were Mom’s dinner,we said to her,“Happy Mother’s Day!”Mom was grateful and moving.【答案】5.去掉on7.在in和kitchen之间加the which(或去掉what)句意:在爸爸手里。
故把her---his。
7.在in和kitchen之间加the 句意:我在厨房里做饭。
此处特指在厨房里。
故在in和kitchen之间加the。
which(或去掉what) 此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。
句意:我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。
The dishes 做先行词,指物,定语从句缺少引导词,从句缺少宾语,可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语,故把what---that/which(或去掉what)。
“favorite”本身就是“最喜欢”,故把favoritest---favorite。
句意:妈妈即感激有感动。
故把moving---moved。
【名师点睛】表示情感的现在分词和过去分词surprising令人惊讶的,surprised感到惊讶;frightening令人害怕的, frightened感到害怕; moving令人感动的, moved 感动;exciting 令人兴奋的,excited 感到兴奋;boring令人厌烦的, bored感到厌烦;annoying令人烦恼的,annoyed感到烦恼的。
现在分词的主语通常指事物;过去分词的主语通常指人。
比如第10小题moving---moved 句意:妈妈即感激有感动。
故把moving---moved。
考点:考查短文改错B模拟短文改错.Today we went to climb the West Hill.Early in morning 1.______we started out and arrived an hour late.Then we began 2.______to climb.The hill was high and some of us got tired 3.______soon, and all of us were very excited.We cheered 4.______happily when we got the top.We had our lunch there 5._______and had enjoyed ourselves very much.Unfortunately, 6.________when we walked down the hill,We were caught by 7._______a rain.We remained calmly,shared umbrellas and 8._______raincoats and walked carefully.Finally we both reached 9._______the parking lot safely.In spite of the unexpecting rain 10.______and wind,we had a good time.【参考答案及解析】1. morning前加the 考查冠词的用法。