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Standards 6
11
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Japan
• It is planned that in 1998 ????? (date not fixed), that a Japanese Industry Standard, JIS, will be published to cover all kinds of equipment. • CISPR measurement methods will be used, however, the levels are as yet unknown.
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Standards 6
9
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Japan
• Voluntary standards under the VCCI scheme have existed in Japan since late 1985. • VCCI covers data processing and office automation equipment. • Although voluntary, VCCI is very strongly supported in Japan. • General movement towards adopting IEC standards.
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Japan
• VCCI standards for emissions are identical to CISPR 22
– VCCI Class 1 = CISPR 22 Class A – VCCI Class 2 = CISPR 22 Class B
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Standards
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Standards 6
21
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IEC
International Electro-technical Commission
– Produce basic standards for Immunity
International Special Committee for Radio Interference (CISPR)
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Standards 6
3
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The European Single Market
• This changed with the introduction of the single market in Europe • Individual member countries’ legislation was seen as a potential barrier to trade • The EEC directive on EMC was intended to give one standard for all of Europe
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Standards 6
12
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Taiwan
Legal Framework
– Enforced by BCQI (Bureau of Commodity and Quarantine
Inspection)
– Type approval method – Random sampling to ensure compliance – Standards based in IEC and CISPR
Only EMI at this time but EMS is under consideration
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Taiwan
Law applies only to:
– photocopiers – ITE – Household appliances – Fax machines, modems – Television and video recorders – Microwave ovens – Electrical tools – Telephone – Audio Equipment – Other products are to be added later
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Legislation
All electrical goods being placed on the market in the EU must carry a CE marking
– marking can be:
• • • • on the device on the packaging in the hand book or any combination of the above
• EMC performance may be part of his contract and these could be more severe than legal requirements
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Health and Safety
EMC failures could cause damage or injury to customers or the public This could be a greater concern than the EMC directive
– remember compliance with a standard may not be enough
• Particularly for safety critical equipment consider the actual environment in which the equipment will be used
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Australia
• The ACA EMC Framework is now mandatory for the commercial, residential and light industry environment, and covers a large range of commercially available products • Carries force of law from January 1, 1997
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Europe
Some countries in Europe have had limits for emissions from some products for many years Enforcement was low and variable
Legislation covers Emissions and Immunity
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Responsibility
Responsibility for compliance is with the company who “places the product on the market” in the EU If this is an agent, his declaration could rely on testing performed at the place of manufacture
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Standards 6
17
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Commercial
• You may need to meet EMC limits for commercial or contractual reasons
• customer may have specific concerns about reliability of systems • customer may be trying to make the EMC conformity of his equipment easier
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Legal Requirements
To carry a CE marking, a certificate of conformity must be available A certificate of Conformity declares that the equipment meets the essential requirements of 89/336/EEC A Certificate of Conformity must be signed by a responsible person from the manufacturer or importer
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United States
FCC Part 15
– Legal requirement for all ITE equipment – Emissions only – Tests can only be performed in FCC approved laboratories
– Although only emission standards have been defined.
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Standards 6
15
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ACA Compliance
• Defines the process for demonstrating compliance.
– Self certification – Technical construction file
• Standards are produced by Standards Australia.
• C-Tick Mark is used to denote compliance with EMC standards