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九年级数学试题及答案

九 年 级 数 学 试 卷全卷满分120分,考试时间共120分钟第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共30分)一、选择题(本大题共10个小题,每小题3分,共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题意)1.︱-32︱的值是( ) A .-3B . 3C .9D .-92.函数y = x -2x 中,自变量x 的取值范围是( ) A .x ≠0B .x ≥2C .x >2且x ≠0D .x ≥2且x ≠03.由一些大小相同的小正方体组成的几何体的三视图如图1所示,那么组成这个几何体的小正方体有( )A .6块B .5块C .4块D .3块4.在等腰△ABC 中,一腰AB 的垂直平分线交另一腰AC 于点G ,若已知AB =10,△GBC 的周长为17,则底BC 的长为( )A .10B .9C .7D .5 5.若α、β是方程x 2-4x -5=0的两个实数根,则α2+β2的值为( ) A .30B .26C .10D .66.某校九(3)班的全体同学喜欢的球类运动用如图2所示的统计图来表示,下面说法正确的是( )A .从图中可以直接看出喜欢各种球类的具体人数;B .从图中可以直接看出全班的总人数;C .从图中可以直接看出全班同学初中三年来喜欢各种球类的变化情况;D .从图中可以直接看出全班同学现在喜欢各种球类的人数的大小关系 7.如图3,四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,O 是对角线AC 与BD 的交点,AB ⊥A C ,若AB =8,AC =12,则BD 的长是( )A .16B .18C .20D .228.如图4,小“鱼”与大“鱼”是位似图形,已知小“鱼”上一个“顶点”的坐标为(a ,b ),那么大“鱼”上对应“顶点”的坐标为( )A .(-a ,-2b )B .(-2a ,-b )C .(-2a ,-2b )D .(-b ,-2a )主视图俯视图左视图图1足球 30%篮球 25%排球 20%乒乓球 25% 图29.已知二次函数y =ax 2+bx +c (a ≠0)的图象如图5所示,有下列5个结论:①abc <0;②b <a +c ;③4a +2b +c >0;④2c <3b ;⑤a +b <m (am +b )(m ≠1且为实数),其中正确的个数是( )A .2个B .3个C .4个D .5个10.如图6,Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,AC =BC =2,在以AB 的中点O 为坐标原点、AB 所在直线为x 轴建立的平面直角坐标系中,将△ABC 绕点B 顺时针旋转,使点A 旋转至y 轴正半轴上的A ′处,则图中阴影部分面积为( )A .4π3-2B .4π3C .2π3D .2π3-2第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共90分)二、填空题(本大题6个小题,每小题3分,共18分。

)11.某汽车参展商为参加中国(成都)国际汽车博览会,印制了105000张宣传彩页,105000这个数字用科学记数法表示为 ___ .12.如图7,已知△ABC 中,∠ABC =45°,F 是高AD 和BE 的交点,CD =4,则线段DF 的长是 __ . 13.某篮球兴趣小组五位同学的身高(单位:cm )如下:175、175、177、x 、173,已知这组数据的平均数是175,则这组数据的方差是 .14.如图8所示,P A 、PB 是⊙O 的切线,A 、B 为切点,AC 是⊙O 的直径,∠P =40°,则∠BAC = ____ .15.如图9,给正五边形的顶点依次编号为1、2、3、4、5,若从某一顶点开始,沿五边形的边顺时针行走,顶点编号是几,就走几个边长,则称这种走法为一次“移位”. 如:小宇在编号为3的顶点上时,那么他应走3个边长,即从3→4→5→l 为第一次“移位”,这时他到达编号为1的顶点;然后从1→2为第二次“移位”.若小宇从编号为2的顶点开始,第10次“移位”,则他所处顶点的编号为 _______ .16.有甲、乙、丙三种货物,若购甲3件、乙7件、丙1件共需630元;若购甲4件、乙10件、丙1件共需840元,现购甲、乙、丙各一件共需 ___ 元.三、解答题(共8个小题,共72分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(本小题满分8分)图4CBO图3B CAPO 图854321 图9EDCBAF 图7y-11x 图5图6( 1)计算:()0228.6π-+261-⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--2cos60°(2)先化简(1-1x -1)÷x 2-4x +4x 2-1,并求当x 满x 2-6=5x 时该代数式的值.18.(本小题满分8分)如图10,小明在大楼30米高(即PH =30米)的窗口P 处进行观测,测得山坡上A 处的俯角为15°,山脚B 处的俯角为60°,已知该山坡的坡度i (即tan ∠ABC )为1∶3,点P 、H 、B 、C 、A 在同一平面上,点H 、B 、C 在同一条直线上,且PH ⊥HC ,(1)山坡坡角(即∠ABC )的度数等于 度.(2)求A 、B 两点间的距离(结果精确到0.1米.参考数据3≈1.732)19.(本小题满分8分)小明与他的父亲、母亲计划五一期间外出旅游,初步选择了广安、绵阳、泸州、眉山四个城市,由于时间仓促,他们只能去一个城市,到底去哪一个城市三个人意见不统一,在这种情况下,小明父亲建议,用小明学过的摸球游戏来决定,规则如下:①在一个不透明的袋子中装一个红球(广安)、一个白球(绵阳)、一个黄球(泸州)和一个黑球(眉山),这四个球除颜色不同外,其余完全相同;②小明父亲先将袋中球摇匀,让小明从袋中随机摸出一球,父亲记录下其颜色,并将这个球放回袋中摇匀,然后让小明母亲从袋中随机摸出一球,父亲记录下它的颜色;③若两人所摸出球的颜色相同,则去该球所表示的城市旅游,否则,前面的记录作废,按规则②重新摸球,直到两人所摸出求的颜色相同为止.按照上面的规则,请你解答下列问题:(1)已知小明的理想旅游城市是绵阳,小明和母亲随机各摸球一次,请用画树状图求出他们均摸出白球的概率.(2)已知小明母亲的理想旅游城市是泸州,小明和母亲随机各摸球一次,则他们至少有一人摸出黄球的概率是多少?20. (本小题满分8分) 如图11,已知反比例函数y 1=k 1x(k 1﹥0)与一次函yO CBA x图11 图10数y2=k2x +1(k2≠0)相交于A 、B 两点,A C ⊥x轴于点C ,若△OAC 的面积为1,且tan ∠AOC =2.(1)求出反比例函数与一次函数的解析式;(2)请直接写出B 点的坐标,并指出当x 为何值时,反比例函数y 1的值大于一次函数y 2的值? 21.(本小题8分)已知正方形ABCD 中,∠MAN =45°,∠MAN 绕点A 顺时针旋转,它的两边分别交CB 、DC (或它们的延长线)于点M 、N .当∠MAN 绕点A 旋转到BM =DN 时(如图12),易证BM +DN =MN .(1)当∠MAN 绕点A 旋转到BM ≠DN 时(如图13),线段BM ,DN 和MN 之间有怎样的数量关系?写出猜想,并加以证明.(2)当∠MAN 绕点A 旋转到如图14的位置时,线段BM ,DN 和MN 之间又有怎样的数量关系?请写出你的猜想并加以证明.22.(本小题满分10分)某机械租赁公司有同一型号的机械设备40套,经过一段时间的经营发现,当每套设备的月租金为270元时,恰好全部租出.在此基础上,当每套设备的月租金每提高10元时,这种设备就少租出一套,且没租出的一套设备每月需支出费用(维护费、管理费等)20元.设每套设备的月租金为x (元),租赁公司出租该型号设备的月收益(收益=租金收入-支出费用)为y (元).(1)用含x 的代数式表示未出租的设备数(套)以及所有未出租设备(套)的支出费用(2)当月租金分别为300元和350元时,租赁公司的月收益分别是多少元?此时应该出租多少套机械设备?请你简要说明理由.(3)当x 为何值时,租赁公司出租该型号设备的月收益最大?最大月收益为多少? 23.(本小题满分10分)如图15,已知AB 是⊙O 的直径,点C 在⊙O 上,过点C 的直线与AB 的延长线交于点P ,AC =PC ,∠COB =2∠PCB .(1)求证:PC 是⊙O 的切线; (2)求证:BC =12AB ;(3)点M 是弧AB 的中点,CM 交AB 于点N ,若AB =4,求MN ·MC 的值.MN DC A图14BNM BACD 图12NMBACD图13MCBAPO N 图1524.(本小题满分12分)如图16,抛物线y=ax2-2ax+c(a≠0)与y轴交于点C(0,4),与x轴交于点A、B,点A的坐标为(4,0).(2)点Q是线段AB上的动点,过点Q作QE∥AC,交BC于点E,连接CQ,当△CQE的面积为3时,求点Q的坐标;(3)若平行于x轴的动直线l与该抛物线交于点P,与直线AC交于点F,点D的坐标为(2,0).问:是否存在这样的直线l,使得△ODF是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.参考答案及评分意见一、 选择题1—5 CBBCB 6—10 DCCBC二、填空题11.1.05×105 12.4 13.1.6 14.20° 15.3 16.210三、解答题17.(1)解:原式=1+36﹣1……………2分=36; ………………3分 (2)解:原式 =x -2x -1·(x +1)(x -1)(x -2)2 ··············································································· 2分=x +1x -2······························································································ 3分方程x 2-6=5x 的解为:x 1=6 x 2=-1 ········································································ 4分∵x =-1时分式无意义 ,∴当x =6时,原式=6+16-2=74···················································· 5分18.解:(1)30. ································································································ 2分 (2)在Rt △BHP 中,∠PBH =600, ∵PH PB =sin ∠PBH ,∴PB =PH sin ∠PBH =30sin60°=203 ···················································· 4分 在△ABP 中,∠AP B =60°-15°=45°, ∠ABP =180°-∠PBH -∠ABC =180°-60°-30°=90° ····················································· 5分 ∴△ABP 是等腰直角三角形, ·············································································· 6分 ∴AB =PB =203≈34.6(米) ··················································································· 7分 答:A 、B 两点间的距离约为34.6米. ····································································· 8分19.解:(1)画树状图得:······································ 4分∵共有16种等可能的结果,小明和母亲随机各摸球一次,均摸出白球的只有1种情况,∴小明和母亲随机各摸球一次,均摸出白球的概率是:116; ········································· 6分(2)由(1)得:共有16种等可能的结果,小明和母亲随机各摸球一次,至少有一人摸出黄球的有7种情况,∴小明和母亲随机各摸球一次,至少有一人摸出黄球的概率是:716. ····························· 8分20.解:(1)在Rt △OAC 中,设OC =m ,∵tan ∠AOC =ACOC =2,∴AC =2×OC =2m ,∵S △OAC =12×OC ×AC =12×m ×2m =1,∴m 2=1,∴m =±1(负值舍去), ∴A 点的坐标为(1,2), ····················································································· 2分把A 点的坐标代入y 1=k 1x中,得k 1=2,∴反比例函数的表达式为y 1=2x, ············································································· 3分把A 点的坐标代入y 2=k 2x +1中,得k 2+1=2,∴k 2=1, ∴一次函数的表达式y 2=x +1; ················································································ 4分 (2)B 点的坐标为(-2,-1), ·············································································· 6分 当0<x <1和x <-2时,y 1>y 2. ············································································· 8分21.解:(1)B M +DN =MN 成立. ············································································· 1分 如下图1,在MB 的延长线上,截得BE =DN ,连接AE , 易证:△ABE ≌△AND ,∴AE =AN . ······································································· 2分∴∠EAB =∠NMD .∴∠BAD =90°,∠NAM =45°∴∠BAM +∠NMD =45°.∴∠EAB +∠BAM =45°.∴∠EAM =∠NAM 又AM 为公共边,∴△AEM ≌△ANM , ∴ME =MN ,∴ME =B E +BM =D N +BM .∴DN +BM =MN . ································································································· 4分 (2)D N -B M =MN . ······························································································ 5分 理由如下:如图2,在DC 上截取DF =BM ,连接AF .∵AB =AD ,∠ABM =∠ADF =90°,∴△ABM ≌△ADF (SAS )∴AM =AF ,∠MAB =∠F AD . ················································································· 6分 ∴∠MAB +∠BAF =∠FAD +∠BAF =90°,即∠MAF =∠BAD =90°.又∠MAN =45°,∴∠NAF =∠MAN =45°.∵AN =AN ,∴△MAN ≌△FAN .∴MN =FN ,即 MN=D N -DF=D N -BM ; ················································································· 8分22.解:(1)未租出的设备为x -27010套,所有未出租设备支出的费用为(2x -540)元; ··· 2分(2)∵y =(40-x -27010)x -(2x -540)=-110x 2+65x +540;············································· 4分ENMBACD图1FMND C A图2B∴当月租金为300元时,租赁公司的月收益为11040元,此时租出设备37套;当月租金为350元时,租赁公司的月收益为11040元,此时租出设备32套. ·················· 5分因为出租37套和32套设备获得同样的收益,如果考虑减少设备的磨损,应该选择出租32套;如果考虑市场占有率,应该选择37套;··············································································· 6分(3)由(2)知y =-110x 2+65x +540=- 110(x -325)2+11102.5 ······································· 7分∴当x =325时,y 有最大值11102.5.但是当月租金为325元时,出租设备的套数为34.5套,而34.5不是整数 ················································································································· 8分故出租设备应为34(套)或35(套).即当月租金为330元(租出34套)或月租金为320元(租出35套)时,租赁公司的月收益最大,最大月收益均为11100元.…………………………10分23.解:如图3(1)∵OA =OC ,∴∠A =∠ACO , 又∵∠COB =2∠A ,∠COB =2∠PCB ,∴∠A =∠ACO =∠PCB ,又∵AB 是⊙O 的直径, ∴∠ACO +∠OCB =90°,∴∠PCB +∠OCB =90°, ∴∠PCO =90°,即OC ⊥CP ,而OC 是⊙O 的半径,∴PC 是⊙O 的切线;.............................(3分) (2)∵AC =PC ,∴∠A =∠P , ∴∠A =∠ACO =∠PCB =∠P ,又∵∠COB =∠A +∠ACO ,∠CBO =∠P +∠PCB ,∴∠COB =∠CBO ,∴BC =OC ,∴BC =12AB ; ····························································· 6分(3)连接MA ,MB , ∵点M 是弧AB 的中点, ∴,∴∠ACM =∠BCM ,∵∠ACM =∠ABM ,∴∠BCM =∠ABM ,又∵∠BMN =∠BMC ,∴△MBN ∽△MCB ,∴BM MC =MNBM, ············································ 8分∴BM 2=M N ·MC , 又∵AB 是⊙O 的直径,,∴∠AMB =90°,AM =BM ,∴AB =4,∴BM =22,∴MN ·MC =BM 2=(22)2=8 ·················································· 10分24.解:(1)由题意,得⎩⎨⎧=+-=c c a a 48160 ,解得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==421c a ,∴所求抛物线的解析式为y =-12x 2+x +4(2)如图4,设点Q 的坐标为(m ,0),过点E 作EG ⊥x 轴于点G ,由-12x 2+x +4=0,得x 1=-2,x 2=4,∴点B 的坐标为(-2,0) ,∴AB =6,BQ = m +2 ∵QE ∥AC , ∴△BQE ∽△BAC , ∴EG CO =BQ BA 即EG 4=m+26,∴EG =2m+43………….5分 ∴ S △CQE =S △CBQ -S △EBQ =12BQ ·C O -12BQ ·EGM C B A P O N图3G y O D Q ECB Ax图4M G Fy O D Q ECB Ax图5Pl=12(m +2)(4-2m+43) =-13m 2+23m +83=3, ∴ m 2-2m -8=-9, ∴m =1 ∴Q (1,0) ·································································· 7分(3)存在 ·········································································································· 8分 在△ODF 中,①若DO =DF ,∵A (4,0),D (2,0),∴AD =OD =DF =2,又在Rt △AOC 中,OA =OC =4,∴∠OAC = 45° ∴∠DF A =∠OAC = 45°∴∠ADF =90° 此时,点F 的坐标为(2,2)由24212=++-x x ,得x 1=1+5,x 2=1- 5 此时,点P 的坐标为:P (1+5,2 )或P (1-5,2 )······················································································································· 9分 ②如图5,若FO =FD ,过点F 作FM ⊥ 轴于点M ,由等腰三角形的性质得:OM =12OD =1,∴AM =3∴在等腰直角三角形△AMF 中,MF =AM =3 ∴F (1,3) 由-12x 2+x +4=3,得x 1=1+3,x 2=1- 3 此时,点P 的坐标为:P (1+3,3)或P (1-3,3) ………………………………10分③若OD =OF ,∵OA =OC =4,且∠AOC =90°,∴AC = 4 2∴点O 到AC 的距离为22,而OF =OD =2<2 2此时,不存在这样的直线l ,使得△ODF 是等腰三角形. ··································· 11分综上所述,存在这样的直线l ,使得△ODF 是等腰三角形.所求点P 的坐标为:P (1+5,2 )或P (1-5,2 )或P (1+3,3)或P (1-3,3)…………………………12分。

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