This period is also associated with the Commercial Revolution. The late Middle Ages saw reforms in accountancy and banking in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean. These ideas were adopted and adapted in western Europe to the high risks and rewards associated with colonial ventures.
Modern colonialism started with the Age of Discovery. Portugal and Spain discovered new lands across the oceans and built trading posts. For some people, it is this building of colonies across oceans that differentiates colonialism from other types of expansionism.
The Church retained much control through religion, and churches were often strongholds against marauders(抢劫者).
After the separation of the Church into Roman Catholicism and Protestant， many bloody wars and persecution happened within countries.
Spanish Inquisition
European expansion
Premises:
– Monarchy centralized (money support) – The development of technology and science
(shipping) – The appearance of “ptolemy map” (15th Europe,
Colonialism
Context
The general introduction about colonialism
The colonial policy of different countries
The earlier period: Spain and Portugal
The triangular trade Impacts
8th Arab) – More resources, a larger population and strategic
locations increased potential military and political strength
Spanish Empire
By colonizing the Americas, Spain became one of the richest and most powerful countries of the 16th century. At the height of its power in 1588, the Spanish Empire included the West Indies, Cuba, Florida, Mexico, Central America, much of South America, and the Philippines.
European expansion
Motivated by:
– Need to settle excess population – Search for wealth (trade、mineral sources) – The description about the outside world in literary
works – Intellectual curiosity, the spirit of adventure – Struggle for dominance of the sea – Religious reasons
Religious Freedom
After the fall of the Roman Empire, many parts of Europe began to become less civilized again (especially in the north).
The latter period: British and France
Definition:
Colonialism is the establishment, maintenance, acquisition and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. It is a process where a foreign state claims sovereignty over the colony and the social structure, government, and economics of the colony are changed by colonizers. Colonialism is a set of unequal relationships between the metropole (hub state) and the colony and between the colonists and the indigenous population.
Hale Waihona Puke Types of colonialism
Settler colonialism Exploitation colonialism Plantation colonialism Surrogate colonialism Internal colonialism
Age of Discovery