cuttings until after secondary root forms
• Root hairs- single cell roots
located a few mm back from root tip, absorb water
• Root cap- mass of cells that
– Stigma- sticky surface for capturing pollen at top of styles
– Style- tube-like structure that connects stigma and ovary
– Ovary- contains ovules or eggs
protects root tips from coarse soil
What are the differences between taproot and fibrous root systems?
• Taproot
– One large primary root that grows down + small secondary roots
• Whitish or tan in color • Make up one-half or more of the entire plant body • Absorb water and nutrients from the soil then transport
them above ground • Serve to anchor and support the top portion on plant • Can store carbohydrates to be used later for energy by
• Petals- brightly colored structures on flower used to attract pollinators
• Stamens- male reproductive parts containing filament and anther surrounding female parts
plant
What are the parts of a root system?
• Primary root- first structure to
emerge from germinating seed
• Secondary root- arises from
the primary root – Don’t transplant seedlings or
Aerating root （呼吸根，通气根）
STILT（支柱） ROOTS e.g.
Mangrove 红树
Flower
Where are the reproductive structures of plants and how do
they work?
• Sepals- green leaf-like structures under the petals
– Filament-stalk that supports anther – Anther- produces pollen or male sex cells
• Pistils- female reproductive parts containing stigma, style, and ovary
• Fibrous root
– Root develops into a number of small primary and secondary roots
• Grow shallow near the soil line • Subjected to drought and
mineral deficiencies • Most landscape plants
The structure of flowers
Pollen grains
How do we get seeds?
• Pollination- occurs when pollen grains are transferred from anther to stigma
Roots hang down in mid-air and absorb water from rainfall
Examples : Wild Pine; Some Orchids
Schefflera bonsai （鹅掌藤）
Banyan tree（印度榕树）
PROP ROOTS
e.g. Corn
Lesson 3
Plants and Environmental Factors
AXILLARY BUD
TERMINAL BUD FLOWER
FRUIT
NODE

NODE
INTERNODE
STEM
NODE
MAIN ROOT
LEAF
LATERAL OR SIDE
ROOT
SHOOT SYSTEM
ROOT SYSTEM
• Dicots
– Produce two seed leaves – Branched leaf vein system – Xylem and phloem cells
located in separate areas of the stem
What are the functions of roots?
What are modified roots?
• Adventitious roots (不定根)
– Begin growing from stem or leaf – Grow from cuttings after being placed in growing
medium
Plant attaches itself to tree branch or telephone wire
What are the structural differences between dicot and monocot stems?
• Monocots
– One seed leaf – Parallel veins in leaf – Xylem and phloem found in
bundles in stem