Grammar I. Direct Speech and Indirect Speech主句动词的变化一般来说，主句谓语动词常为said or said to , 变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said-变→ said (that), but said to –→ told sb. 。

当直接引语是一般疑问句时，则变为asked/ asked sb. +if / whether当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，则变为asked sb. + what等特殊疑问词引导的句子（疑问词后的句子为陈述句式）1. Mr. Black said, “I’m busy. ”→ Mr. Black said that he was busy.2. “I’ll go to your farm tomorrow,” he said to her.→ He told her that he would go to her farm the next day.3. He said, “ Are you ready?”→ He asked(us) if we were ready.4.He said, “ What do you want to do?”→ He asked what I wanted to do.1.如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

E. g. .She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.E. g. He said, "Can you swim, John?"→He asked John if he could swim."You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, advise, invite等) sb (not) to do sth. "句型。

e. g. ."Don’t make any noise, "she said to the children.→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise."Bring me a cup of tea, please, " said she.→ She asked him t o bring her a cup of tea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）。

”e. g. .He said, "Let’s go to the film. "→He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.2.如何变人称由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。

①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。

②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。

③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。

E. g. .①They said, “We will go there by bus. ”→They said they would go there by bus.②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?”→She asked me if I was interested in science.③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school. ”→His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.3. 如何变时态：(1. )直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。

E. g. .1. He says, “I have finished my homework. ”→ He says that he has finished his homework.2. She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow. ”→She will say that she'll do it the next day.(2. )如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。

直接引语间接引语各种现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时各种过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时（或不变）过去完成时（不变）将来时一般将来时Is (are) +不定式过去将来时Was (were)+ 不定式E. g. .1. The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class. ”→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.2. He said to me, “I am writing a letter. ”→He told me that he was writing a letter.(3). 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。

E. g. . The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化Direct speech Indirect speech指示代词thisthese that those时间状语NowTodayThis morning(week,month, etc)YesterdayThree days agoThe day before yesterdayLast week(month, year)TomorrowThe day after tomorrowNext week(month, year) Thenthat daythat morning (week, month, etc)the day beforethree days ________two days beforethe week (month, year)before the next (following ) daytwo days after (in two days’ time) the next/ following week (month, year)地点状语here there动词ComeBringGo TakeNote: 表中这些变化，要根据具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。

如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there, come也不必改为go, 如果就在当天转述，yesterday or tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。

E. g. . She said, “ I’ll wait for you here tonight, Jane. ”She told Jane that she would wait for him here tonight.E. g. .(1) He said, “Now it is your turn. ”→ He said that then it was my turn.(2) He said, “I shall come back next week. ”→ He said that he would come back the next week.(3)She said, “I will come here this afternoon.”→ She said that she would go there that afternoon.Exercise for Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (I)( )1. Tom asked Jack ______________ .A.why he was so excitedB. why was he so excitedC. why is he so excitedD. why he is so excited( )2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.A. had I seen the filmB. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the filmD. whether I had seen the film( )3. “Please close the window, ” he said to me.→He ______ me _____ the wind ow.A. said to; to closeB. told to; closingC. asked ; to closeD. said to; please close( )4. “I am a teacher, ” Jack said. →He said _________.A. that I am a teacherB. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacherD. he was a teacher( )5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty. ”→He _____very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy wasB. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy wasD. spoke to his mother that the boy was ( )6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.→She asked ________.A. if I have already got well, hadn’t youB. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got wellD. had I already got well.( )7. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member?”→He asked me _________.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.( )8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.A. how am I getting alongB. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting alongD. how was I getting along( )9. He asked me ________ with me.A. what the matter isB. what the mater wasC. what’s the matterD. what was the matter( )10. He said, “Don’t do that again. ”→ He _____ me _______ that again.A. said to me; not to doB. said to me; don’t doC. told me; don’t doD. told me; not to do( )11. When will he go fishing?→ Do you know _______?A. when will he go fishingB. when he go fishingC. when he will go fishingD. when does he go fishing( )12. The teacher asked me ____________.A. that I had finished my homeworkB. that had I finished my homeworkC. whether had I finished my homeworkD. if I had finished my homework ( )13. Bob said _________________.A. I will never forget my visit to Yanan.B. I would never forget my visit to Yanan.C. he will never forget his visit to Yanan.D. he would never forget his visit to Yanan.Keys: ADCDC BDCDD CBD。