病毒PPT课件
Yes. (answers vary.)
Part B Look and think
These pictures show some of the events in the story on Page 58. Arrange them in the correct order.
Answers: c d b a f e
3. What did the captain think about the horse?
The captain thought that they had won the war.
He thought it was too big for the Greeks to take.
4.What did the citizens of Troy do that night?
Useful expressions
1.A newspaper ran a short competition on famous tales from history.
compete (v)比赛---- competition
(n.)比赛
competitor competitive
(n.)比赛者 (adj.) 比赛的
2. Seconds later, the captain stood on the high wall of the city of Troy, and looked down at the empty plain.
(1) seconds later = after a while 一会儿后(几秒钟后) (2) the city of Troy 特洛伊城
the Trojan War told in Homer’s 荷马 I伊lia利d 亚特and Odysse奥y.德赛
the prince of Troy fell in love with Helen,
the queen of Sparta.
斯巴达
He kid绑na架pped her and took her to Troy. All
the city of Shenzhen=Shenzhen city
(3) look out = be careful look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look over = examine look down upon sb 看不起某人 look up to 看得起,尊重
3.It was too big for them to take with them. =It was so big that they couldn’t take it with them.
Read the passage and then answer the following questions
1.How was the soldier probably feeling when he came down the stairs, surprised or peaceful? 2. What did the captain think when he saw the empty plain? 3. What did the captain think about the horse? 4.What did the citizens of Troy do that night? 5.Where did the six Greek soldiers hide ? 6.Did the horse have something to do with the trick? How?
Stonehenge 巨石阵
wheel 车轮
golden sunlight. 金色阳光
army 军队
Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场
Jay Chou 周杰伦
Jay Chou is handsome. He is my favourite actor.
arrow 箭 bow 弓
The Trojan War
the Greek went to bring her back.
the war lasted for ten years.
The night of the horse
Look at the title, the picture and the last paragraph, and then answer the two questions.
4、营养方式:只能寄生在某种特定的活细胞内才能生活
5、种类繁多 根据寄生的生物不同分类:
动物病毒 植物病毒 噬菌体(细菌病毒)
一种噬菌体通常只能侵染一种细菌
流
爱
感
滋
病
病
毒
病
毒
噬 菌 体
豆
烟
科
草
黄
花
萎
叶
病
病
毒、设法治疗和预防病毒性疾病 爱滋病 已型肝炎 埃博拉和马尔堡 疯牛病和口蹄疫 流感 脊髓灰质炎(小儿麻痹症) 流行性已型脑炎
第5节 病毒
一、病毒的特征:
1、个体微小 2、主要成分:蛋白质和核酸(一种病毒只含有一种核酸) 3、结构简单 (1)非细胞结构 (2) 核衣壳 核心:由核酸构成
衣壳:由蛋白质构成 被膜(有些病毒具有):在核衣壳外
(3) 构型多样 二十面体对称病毒:如腺病毒 螺旋型对称病毒:如烟草花叶病毒 复合对称病毒:如T4噬菌体
P1-2
The Trojans celebrate their victory and then go to sleep.
P3-6
The Greek soldiers inside the horse open the city gates and let in the Greek army. The Greek army capture Troy.
第4节 原核细胞的代表——细菌
拓展与研究:
正常菌群在长期服用抗生素后,使其中各种微生 物间的相互制约关系破坏,比如:肠道内对药物敏感 的细菌被抑制,而不敏感的假丝酵母或耐药性葡萄球 菌等会乘机大量繁殖,从弱势菌变成优势菌,从而引 起病变,称为菌群失调症。
目前,人们已经可用口服某些活微生物制剂来治 疗由于长期服用广譜抗生素而引起正常菌群失调的腹 泻症,促进双歧杆菌的繁殖,以防治慢性肠炎,痢疾 和幼儿腹泻症,又如:含抗药性(粪链球菌)的活菌 制剂,可治疗因长期服用抗生素和磺胺类药物引起的 肠道正常菌群紊乱症及急、慢性肠炎。
2、积极利用病毒为人类造福 昆虫病毒用于生物防治 病毒在基因工程中的应用……
HBV不直接损害肝细胞,肝组织损伤是通过机体免 疫反应所引起的。HBV在感染肝细胞后,可改变肝细胞 表面的抗原性,并刺激T细胞变成致敏淋巴细胞,攻击带 有病毒的肝细胞,在清除病毒的同时,导致肝细胞破裂、 变性和坏死。
免疫反应正常的人,一般表现为急性黄疸型肝炎, 在恢复期中有足够的免疫功能清除体内病毒而获得痊愈。 免疫功能过强者,因为大量的病毒被消灭的同时肝细胞 也被破坏,可成为重型肝炎。如果免疫有缺陷的人,不 能完全清除病毒,不能抑制其复制,并且有部分肝细胞 不断被破坏,而病变持久不愈,形成慢性肝炎。如果患 者免疫耐受,病毒可在细胞内自由出入,持续增殖复制, 使肝细胞变性和坏死极轻微,则成携带者,也就是人们 常说的所谓"澳抗携带者"。
1892年俄国生物学家伊凡诺夫斯基在研究烟草 花叶病毒时发现,将病叶的汁液用细菌过滤器 滤过后,对烟草仍具感染力。此后,又发现许 多动植物病害也是由滤过性病原体引起的。这 些滤过性病原体,也就是日常所称的病毒。
? 上述资料给你什么启示
病毒比细菌还要小,一般都 150纳米(nm)以下
pyramid 金字塔
Summary The war between the Troy and the Greeks lasted ten years. At last, the Greeks won the war with a t___. They pretended to leriacvke the city of Troy, but they left a huge w______ horse behind. The Troy thought tohoedyenhave w__ the war so they c________, making j____ abouotnthe Greeks. Theeylewbrearteedso happy about othkeesir win that all of them went to sleep, i________ the gate guard. The Greek soldiers i_____ the wooden horse opennceludditnhge gate and let their army in. In this way, they c_____ thnesidTeroy city.
1. What kind of horse it is?
It was a huge wooden horse.
2.How did the Greeks win the war?
They won the war with a trick.
Read through the whole passage and match the main idea for each part.
第5节 非细胞结构的生物体——病毒
拓展与研究:
毛蚶与甲肝流行常常相关。毛蚶、牡蛎、哈蜊和 蛏子等海鲜,生长在河口和海湾的泥沙中,以海水中 浮游生物为生,它们栖息的近海水域常受到沿海城市 污水的污染,使海水含有肝炎病人排泄的肝炎病毒。 一只毛蚶每小时可滤5升海水,通过滤食活动,海水中 的肝炎病毒在贝体内浓缩储积,当这些含有病毒的海 鲜成批供应市场时,如生吃或半生吃,就易导致甲型 肝炎流行。因此,在食用此类食品前应反复在请水中 浸泡、透洗,并煮沸15-30分钟食用才是安全的。