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现在完成时用法

现在完成时用法
一.构成:
Have/has+v.p.p.(过去分词)
否定句:haven’t/hasn’t+v.p.p.
一般疑问句:Have /has+sb.+v.p.p.
回答:Yes,sb.have/has. No,sb.haven’t/hasn’t.
二.意义及用法:
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

常用的时间状语:already(肯定句),yet(否定句和疑问句),so far(到目前为止),ever,never,just,before,recently,
I have lost my key.(说明过去某时丢的,现在还未找到。


2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。

for+一段时间,since+过去时间点/一般过去时从句
since 1989/two days ago
For 或since的提问:How long..?
I have known him for ten years.
I have taught here since I came to this city.
3.表示次数。

We have been to the Summer Palace twice.
4.现在完成时需要注意的几点
It/This is the first(second/third) time that…….that 从句用现在完成时
This is the first time that I have been to the city.
This/It is the +形容词最高级+名词+that从句…..that从句用现在完成时
This is the most interesting film that I have seen .
时间状语汇总:
already(肯定句),yet(否定句和疑问句),so far(到目前为止),ever,never,just,before,recently,twice(次数)for+一段时间,since+过去时间点/一般过去时从句(since 1989/two days ago)(since two days ago=for two days)
He has already finished his homework.(否定句、一般疑问句)
He has ever been to Shanghai.(否定句)
短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
For 和since和how long要用延续性动词
Leave(Beijing)- be away(from Beijing),
come/go(to)-be ( in/at),
become-be ,
buy- have,
borrow-keep,
join-be in/be a member of,
die-be dead,
begin- be on,
finish- be over
He left Beijing two days ago.(改为现在完成时)
He has been away from Beijing for two days/since two days ago.
She bought a bike last week.
→She has had a bike since last week.
三. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1)侧重点不同:现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响,而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关。

2)连用的时间状语不同。

3)询问某事过去发生的具体时间,地点时必须用一般过去时。

现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间状语连用。

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