分类号 密级 U D C学号 3109301049射线底片数字化仪器的实现与优化学位申请人： 张 守 克 指导教师： 王昭教授 学科领域： 机械工程学位类别： 工程硕士2011年06月西安交通大学硕士学位论文射线底片数字化仪的实现与优化张守克 2011年6月硕士学位论文射线底片数字化仪的实现与优化申请人：张守克学科专业：机械工程指导教师：王昭教授2011年06月The Implementation and Optimization of The Radiographic FilmDigitizerA thesis submitted toXi’an Jiaotong Universityin partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree ofMaster of Engineering ScienceByShouke Zhang(Mechanical Engineering)Supervisor:Prof. Zhao WangJune 2011摘要论文题目：射线底片数字化仪的实现与优化学科专业：机械工程申请人：张守克指导教师：王昭教授摘要射线底片数字化应用于原始检验信息的存储和检索、并为远程智能评片打下基础。

本文主要论述了如何运用机械创新设计理论和方法进行射线底片数字化仪器的设计优化以及对设计样机的试验验证。

本文简单介绍了功能质量配置QFD、TRIZ理论和创新技法等几种常用的机械产品设计理论及方法，并阐述了在现代设计中的作用及其各自特点，采用将三种设计理论和方法相结合的方式进行射线底片数字化仪器的研究与设计。

在方案设计阶段，运用功能分析法，通过黑箱图得到数字化系统功能原理图；运用功能分类对机械系统按组成进行功能模块化归类；运用功能分解将仪器总功能进行细化分解成各个子功能，并得到走片系统功能结构图及仪器功能结构图。

在详细设计阶段，运用TRIZ发明原理以及矛盾冲突矩阵解决了光路长度要求与仪器小型化等要求的矛盾；运用类比法原理解决了线阵CCD靶面接收入射光困难的问题；运用组合方法将打印机进纸机构集成进来，实现数字化仪自动进片功能，提高仪器自动化程度和评片效率；运用移植和分离原理将电容式接近开关作为底片位置检测装置，同时解决在处理底片划伤问题时遇到的物理冲突；采用相似设计法进行了宽度调节装置和遮光机构的设计，满足了仪器对不同宽度底片采集的需要；运用相机外同步技术，配合底片检测装置，通过设置合理的技术参数，可解决底片速度和相机扫描速度不匹配而引起的底片畸变问题。

论文将机械创新设计理论用于实际的产品设计中，完成了射线底片数字化仪器的设计和优化。

本文所采用的研究方法对机、电相结合的产品设计有一定的参考价值。

关键词：射线检测；底片数字化仪；QFD；TRIZ理论；创新设计；线阵CCD；论文类型：应用基础西安交通大学硕士学位论文Title:The Implementation and Optimization of The Radiographic Film Digitizer Speciality: Mechanical EngineeringApplicant: Shouke ZhangSupervisor: Prof. ZhaoWangABSTRACTFilm digitization apply to the original test information storage and retrieval, and lay the foundation for remote intelligence digitization. The paper mainly discusses how to use mechanical creative design(MCD) theory and method in Radiograph ic Film Digitizer’s design and optimize process and prototype testing.This article simply introduced several of the mechanical product design theory and method like QFD and TRIZ theory and Creative Techniques,etc. And expounds the role in modern design and its characteristics. An integrated approach of those three methods is used in the Radiographic Film Digitizer’s design process.In the conceptual design stage, use Functional Analysis method, through the Black-box figure get digital system function principle diagram;Using function classification theory to classify the mechanical system;Using functional decomposition theory to decompose Gross Function into subfunctions and get function structure diagram.In the detailed design stage, using TRIZ inventive principle and conflict matrix to solve the conficts between optical path length requirement and instrument miniaturization requirements; Using analogy method to solve linear CCD receiving less than full of incident light problem; Using combination method to integrate printer paper feeding institutions, realize automatic piece function, increase automation,improve digitization efficiency; Using transplant and separation principle,use capacitive approach switch as film-sensing element of position detection equipment to avoid film-injury problem in digital process;Using analogue method in width adjusting and dimmer device design for meetting the needs of different width film-shooting; Use camera external synchronization technology, with film detection device, by setting up reasonable parameters, which can solve the distortion problem caused by film speed and cameras scanning speed don't match.Paper use mechanical creation design theory in the film digital instrument design and optimization,has some reference value for mechanical and electrical products design.KEY WORDS:Radiographic inspection; Film digitizer;QFD;Triz theory; mechanical creation design MCD; linear CCDTYPE OF THESIS: Applied Research目录目录1 绪论 (1)1.1 课题背景意义 (1)1.1.1 射线检测技术 (1)1.1.2 课题研究意义 (2)1.2 国内外研究现状 (3)1.3 原有仪器介绍 (5)1.3.1 原有仪器原理 (5)1.3.2 仪器性能需求分析 (6)1.3.3 原有仪器评价 (7)1.4 本论文主要工作 (8)1.4.1 拟解决问题 (8)1.4.2 研究内容 (8)1.5 章节安排 (9)1.6 本章小结 (9)2 机械系统总体设计 (10)2.1 质量功能配置 (10)2.1.1 QFD方法 (10)2.1.2 QH质量屋 (11)2.2 基于QFD的需求分析 (12)2.2.1 关键设计需求 (12)2.2.2 需求重要度评判 (12)2.3 原理方案选择 (15)2.4 总体方案设计 (15)2.4.1 功能分析 (15)2.4.2 功能分类 (16)2.4.3 功能分解 (17)2.5 产品规划质量屋 (18)2.6 本章小结 (19)3 机械系统设计 (20)3.1 创新技法 (20)3.2 TRIZ理论 (21)西安交通大学硕士学位论文3.2.1 设计中的技术冲突 (21)3.2.2 发明原理 (21)3.2.3 冲突矩阵 (22)3.3 系统详细设计 (23)3.3.1 基于TRIZ冲突矩阵的光路设计 (23)3.3.2 基于类比的相机支座设计 (26)3.3.3 基于还原的下反射镜支座设计 (27)3.3.4 基于组合的自动进片机构设计 (28)3.3.5 基于移植原理的底片检测装置 (29)3.3.6 基于类比的传动方案设计 (31)3.3.7 基于组合的同步扫描方案设计 (35)3.3.8 基于分离原理的光屏蔽方案设计 (37)3.4 构型综合 (39)3.5 本章小结 (39)4 系统实现 (40)4.1 样机装配 (40)4.1.1 装配工艺 (40)4.1.2 装配流程 (40)4.2 样机及参数 (41)4.3 样机测试 (42)4.3.1 速度匹配测试 (42)4.3.2 分辨率测试 (43)4.4 本章小结 (43)5 结论与展望 (44)5.1 结论 (44)5.2 展望 (44)参考文献 (45)致谢 (47)专利证书 (48)声明CONTENTSCONTENTS1 Preface (1)1.1 background and significance (1)1.1.1 Radiographic inspection (1)1.1.2 Research Significance of This Subject (2)1.2 Present Research Situation of Home and Abroad (3)1.3 Original Digitizer Introduce (5)1.3.1 Original Digitizer Principles (5)1.3.2 Capability Requirement Analysis (6)1.3.3 Original Digitizer evaluation (7)1.4 Main Research Work (8)1.4.1 Existent Problems (8)1.4.2 Main Research Contents (8)1.5 Chapter and Section Arranging (9)1.6 Chapter Summary (9)2 System Conceptual Design (10)2.1 Quality Function Deployment (10)2.1.1 QFD Mothod (10)2.1.2 Quality House (11)2.2 Requirements Analysis Based On QFD (12)2.2.1 Key design requirements (12)2.2.2 Demand Importance Evaluation (12)2.3 Selection of Design Scheme (15)2.4 Whole Project Design (15)2.4.1 Function Analysis (15)2.4.2 Functional Classification (16)2.4.3 Functional Decomposition (17)2.5 Product Regulation Quality House (18)2.6 Chapter Summary (19)3 Mechanical System Design, MSD (20)3.1 Creative Techniques (20)3.2 TRIZ Theory (21)3.2.1 Technical Conflict (21)3.2.2 Inventive principle (21)3.2.3 Conflict Matrix (22)3.3 Detailed Design of System (23)3.3.1 Optical Path Design Based On TRIZ (23)西安交通大学硕士学位论文3.3.2 Camera Support Design Based On Analogie (26)3.3.3 Reflector Carriage Design Based On Reduction (27)3.3.4 Automatic Feed Device Design Based On Combination (28)3.3.5 Film Detection Device Design Based On Transplant (29)3.3.6 Driven System Design Based On Analogie (31)3.3.7 Scanning Method Design Based On Transplant (34)3.3.8 Shading- Device Design Based On Separation (36)3.4 Design Drawing (38)3.5 Chapter Summary (38)4 System Implementation (39)4.1 Prototype Assembly (39)4.1.1 Assembly Technology (39)4.1.2 Assembly Process (39)4.2 Prototype Parameters (40)4.3 Prototype Test (41)4.3.1 Speed Matching Test (41)4.3.2 Resolution Test (42)4.4 Chapter Summary (42)5 Conclusions and Suggestions (43)5.1 Conclusions (43)5.2 Suggestions (43)References (44)Acknowledgements (46)Appendix (47)Declaration1 绪论1 绪论1.1课题背景意义1.1.1射线检测技术所谓无损检测（NDT：Non-Destructive Testing），就是利用物质的声、光、磁和电等特性，在不损害或不影响被检对象使用性能的前提下，检测被检对象中是否存在缺陷或不均匀性，给出缺陷的大小、位置、性质和数量等信息，进而判定被检对象所处的技术状态（如合格与否、剩余寿命等）的所有技术手段的总称[1]。