中考专项——名词( )1.—Are those ______?---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.A. sheep ; cowsB. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cowD. sheeps ; cows( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD. Lucy’s and Lily’s( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutesB. minute’sC. minutes’D. minute【知识点精讲】1.定义：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。
2.分类：名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如：John is a student student是普通名词，John是专有名词普通名词可以用不定冠词：a/an+普通名词定冠词： the+普通名词或不加冠词普通名词可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词、集体名词是可数名词，物质名词、抽象名称是不可数名词。
专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。
1专有名词前一般不加冠词，首字母要大写。
3.名词的数分类：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
如：We should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。
plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等可与两者连用。
1.可数名词的复数A、规则变化1）一般加s book s pen s2）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加es buses classes watches boxes3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es leaf—leaves wife- wives life- lives4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es city –cities country- countiesB.不规则变化：1. man—men ; woman—women ;child—childrenpoliceman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmenfoot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice goose---- geese2 以o 结尾的分两类Zoos radios photos pianosHeroes potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes3 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese4 “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans5 people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念The police are looking for the missing boy.6.复合名词 a boy student – two boy students a man teacher ---two men teacher4.名词所有格：名词’s (意思是“……的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加’ 不以s结尾的词加’ seg. 1) the boys’ books Teachers’ Day Children’ s Day3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’sa friend of mine ( √) a friend of my( × )5.不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。
应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。
如：Some bread__________over there.(be)3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。
4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。
如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。
即：two pieces of bread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“'s”。
如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“'”即可。
如：Teachers' Day , two weeks' holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。
如：Children's Day注意：主谓一致问题：单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。
如two hundred students（200名学生）ten thousand trees（10000棵树）3例子：1.He caught a lot of fish 他抓到了许多鱼（此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish或fishes）=He caught a lot of fishes.2.The paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。
（此处fish表示不同种类的鱼，加复数词尾-es）【典型例题及相似题练习】( )1.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.A. two orangeB. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orangeD. two bottles of oranges( )2.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very goodB. anyC. a piece ofD. two pieces.( )3. The three ___ will be put into prison.A. thiefsB. thiefC. thievesD. thiefs’( )4.He often has ____ for breakfast.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads( )5.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.A. childsB. childC. children’sD. children【课堂综合练习】一、写出下列名词．．的复数1.book______2.bus ______3.orange _______4.baby______5.boy______6.my ________7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________二．选出正确选项( )6.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.A. two months holidayB. two months’ holidayC. two-month holidayD. two month’s holidays( )7.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.A. worksB. jobC. workD. working( )8.Li Lei is a friend of ___.A. I sisterB. my sister’sC. me sisterD. my sister of( )9.Have you read ____?A. today’sB. today paperC. the today’s paperD. today’s paper( )10.How many ___ are there in the room?A. boxesB. boxC. boxsD. boxxes【课后限时作业】1.写出下面名词的复数1. dog2. glass3. ear4. shark5. duck 5. apple6. candle7. present8. telephone 9. kite 10. snake 11. window12. rabbit 13. door 11. computer 12. bedroom13. flower 14. table 15. vegetable 16. poster517. turtle 18. photo 19. tomato _________20. potato ___________21. mouth _________ 22. dish _________ 23. bus _________ 24. box ___________25. watch _________ 26. dish _________27. country __________ 28. child __________29. man _________ 30. woman __________ 31. mouse _________ 32. fish __________33. sheep _________ 34. deer _________ 35. tooth _________ 36. foot __________37. goose ________38. leaf _________ 39. knife _________名词练习题:1. ---Mum, it’s so hot and I’m so thirsty. --- Go and get some _______ in the fridge.A. biscuitsB. chipsC. cakesD. ice creams2. --- Would you like something to drink ?--- __________ please.A. teaB. fruitC. breadD. meat3. I don’t know how to use this computer. It doesn’t matter. Here is the __________.A. instructionB. directionC. informationD. advertisement4. My brother hurt his ________ yesterday. He can’t walk now.A. armB. legC. handD. eye5. --- I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the __________.--- A map is helpful. I think.A. priceB. wayC. timeD. ticket6. Lao she is the ______ of Tea House. ( 茶馆)A. doctorB. actorC. scientistD. writer7. At the foot of the hill you should hear nothing but the _________ of the running water.A. shoutB. noiseC. voiceD. sound8. --- Would you like some drinks, boys ?--- Yes, _______ please.A. some orangesB. two boxes of chocolatesC. some cakesD. two bottles of orange.9. --- Who’s the boy over there ? --- _________ is my brother.A. HeB. HisC. HimD. Himself10. --- Would you like something to drink ?---__________ please.A. MeatB. RiceC. WaterD. Bread11. --- ________ do you usually fly kites ? --- In the park.A. whyB. HowC. WhereD. When12. Look! There are _________ pictures on the wall.A. anyB. someC. muchD. both13. --- Which coat is _______ on me , the blue one or the black one ?--- The blue one.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. the best14. I ________ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A. will returnB. returnedC. have returnedD. return15. --- What did you do after school yesterday ?--- I _______ basketball with my friends.A. playB. playedC. will playD. am playing7。