考点七十名词性从句1．名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。

①I want to know what he has told you．我想知道他告诉了你什么。

②She always thinks of how she can work well．她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

2．it充当形式主语或宾语：在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。

①It is known to us how he became a writer．我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

②I find it strange that she doesn’t want to travel．她竟不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。

3．在名词性从句中that与what的差异：what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示＂(＝the thing or things that...; whatever)……的事物；无论什么；凡是……的事物＂。

that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that常常省略。

①What you have done might do harm to others．你所做的事或许对别人有害处。

②I spent what little time I had with my family．我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。

③No one knows what will happen next．谁也不知道下一步有什么事。

④I think(that) you will like the stamps．我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。

4．whether和if的差异：（1）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether。

☞Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question．月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

（2）介词宾语只用whether引导。

☞He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling．他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。

（3）当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。

☞Whether he will come or not，I am not sure．我无法确认他是否会来。

（4）whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or not。

☞I don’t know whether or not he’ll come．我不知道他是来还是不来。

（5）后接动词不定式时只能用whether。

☞Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？（6）动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。

☞We discussed whether we should close the shop．我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。

5．宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：（1）当主句谓语动词为现在时态或将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。

☞Will you tell me how I can keep fit? 能告诉我如何保持健康吗？（2）当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。

☞Jack told me that he had been there twice．杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。

（3）当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时，仍然采用一般现在时。

☞Long ago，people knew that there are four seasons in a year．很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节。

6．连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句的含义：（1）whoever的用法：①(＝the person or people who...)……的那个人☞Whoever said that? 到底谁讲的这话？②(＝any person who...)……的任何一个人☞Tell whoever you like；it makes no difference to me．你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁——对我来说都无所谓。

（2）whatever的用法：①(＝any or every)任何；每一☞Take whatever action is needed．采取任何必要的措施。

②(＝anything or everything)任何事物；一切事物☞You must do whatever is best for you．什么对你最有利你就得做什么。

③(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么☞You have our support，whatever you decide．不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。

（3）whichever的用法：①(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)……的那个；……的那些☞Take whichever hat suits you best．挑个最适合你戴的帽子。

②无论哪个；无论哪些☞Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize．你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。

7．虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：（1）主语从句☞It is necessary that he(should)come to see us．他有必要来看望我们。

（2）宾语从句☞The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest．老师建议我们休息一会儿。

（3）表语从句☞My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English．我的建议是我们应该阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。

8．it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都用连词that，被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。

①It’s a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad．他错过了去国外旅游的机会，真是可惜。

②Who was it that won the World Cup in 2018? 谁赢得了2018年的世界杯？1.They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which2.When it came to online games, my deskmate asked me a question _______ I had played ______ he called Angry Birds.A. that, whichB. whether, thatC. whether, whatD. that, where3.Many experts hold the view _______ teachers’ development is _______ the key to better education lies in.A. that, whichB. that, whatC. that, whereD. which, where【2018·模拟】Many experts hold the view________ teachers’ development is ________ the key to better education lies in.A. that; whichB. that; whatC. that; whereD. which; where 【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。

句意：很多专家认为，老师的发展就是更好的教育的关键的东西。

第一空是同位语从句，作view的同位语，对view进行补充说明，从句句意完整，成分齐全，that引导同位语从句，无词义，不做成分，仅起引导作用，故用that；第二空是表语从句，从句中缺少in的宾语。

故第二空填what。

故选B。

1.【2018·北京】15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what【答案】D【解析】句意：这时我父亲教我的－总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。

what做taught的宾语。

2.（2017•新课标卷III·阅读）The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide _________ to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.【答案】whether【答案】考查名词性从句。

句意：黄石公园引狼计划是一个有价值的实验，帮助生物学家们决定是否将狼重新引入国内其他地区。

一单句改错1. After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.2. Whoever was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.3. We never doubt whether he is honest.4. If she com es or not doesn’t concern me.5. I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so endlessly.二单项选择1. Despite difficulties, we must bear in mind________ we set this goal, stick to it and move forward regardless.A. thatB. whyC. whenD. where2. People have the belief _______ factories should produce fewer things from raw materials, ________ the supplyis growing smaller and smaller.A. which; thatB. that; of whichC. that; whoseD. which; whose3. —It’s certainly our fault.—Yes, I think we’d better discuss ______ the apology is to be made.A. thatB. whyC. whatD. how4. ______ impressed the tourists most was the peaceful atmosphere and the friendly people there.A. WhenB. ThatC. WhatD. Where5. He isn’t a child any longer, so my suggestion is ______ we should tell him the truth.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. which三语法填空I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing __1__happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorly－dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew __2__he was. We wondered __3__he was so hungry. We were surprised __4__he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted __5__the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked __6__we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see__7__he took out of an envelope—a million pound bank note.I asked Mr. Clements__8__it was genuine. Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought __9__the gentleman showed them couldn’t be a fake.__10__a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn’t describe how excited I was.考点七十名词性从句参考答案高考考点问诊1.【答案】C2.【答案】C【解析】根据前面asked me a question可知，第一空表示是否，故用whether引导同位语从句。