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【英语】高考英语情态动词试题经典及解析

1)If he should fail, he would kill himself.
→Should he fail, he would kill himself.
万一失败,他就会自杀。
2)If I were you, I would do it at once.
→Were I you, I would do it at once.
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意,请尽快通知我们。根据语境,此处用虚拟语气,表示与将来相反,从句用should+动词原形,省略if,should提前,陈述句是:If you should change your mind……。故选A。
【点睛】
虚拟语气中的倒装
当虚拟条件句中含有were,had,should时,可以将if省略,然后将were,had,should,移至句首:
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:所有学生们应在去学校之前带上口罩以防感染非典病毒,这已经被宣布。shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁,故选A项。
8.Students ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation.
4.—It’s already 11 o’clock , and he ______ have been here half an hour ago.
—Maybe he got caught in the rain.
A.mustB.ought to
C.mayD.can
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:已经11点了,他半小时前就该到了。A. must have done必定做了…(表示对过去的推测);B. ought to have done本应该做的;C. may have done可能已经做过某事;D. can have done本来可以做的(但没有做),根据题意,故选B。
【点睛】
本题是高考必考考点,一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。should have done本应该做而实际未做。can’t have done过去不可能做了某事;shouldn’t have done本不应该做而实际做了。need have done本有必要做某事而没做;needn’t have done本没有必要做某事;注意没有mustn’t have done的形式。
他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。
该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词,有一种特殊的用法:在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,可以把should放在句首,即主语前,从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为:If you should change your mind。故选A。
13.—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.
(1)I shall think it over and Let you know my idea.我将考虑一下此事,然后告诉你我的想法。
(2)We shall have a good time in the park.我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。
2. shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如:What shall we do this evening?
A.wouldB.shallC.willD.could
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:学生们必须呆在自己的座位上,直到所有的试卷都被收回。根据句意,“学生们呆在自己的座位上”是一项规定。shall可表示某种规定或义务,用于第二、三人称的句子中。而其他情态动词无此用法。故正确答案为B。
9.—________ the woman with the baby come over? We have a seat here.
2.We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ______ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.
A.ShouldB.WereC.WouldD.Had
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
假若我是你,我就会马上做。
要是我能做此事,我一定会做。
3)If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.
→Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.
3. would后接like、love、mind等动词,表示要求、邀请、希望或询问,此时不是说过去,而是对现在的询问:
Would you like to come to my party?你愿意来我的派对吗?
Would you mind coming with us?你介意和我们一起吗?
比如本题,would表示婉转的请求,征求对方的意见,故选A。
C.couldn't have takenD.needn't have taken
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词+ have done。句意:天气转晴了。我本不必费心把伞带在身边。A. should have taken本应该做某事,而实际上没做;B. must have taken对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测;C. couldn't have taken不可能;D. needn't have taken本来不需要,故选D。
【点睛】
would的用法
1.would最常见的用法是:相对于一个过去时间点的后来“将要”做什么,比如:He said he would meet me at the station.他说他会在车站接我的。这句中的would meet是相对于said(过去说)之后要做的事情。又如:She thought she would have to ask someone for help.她当时想,她得找个人帮忙。
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:爸爸,你可以给我买部iPhone X吗?--如果你通过考试,你就会得到一部作为奖励。A. must一定;B. need必要;C. would将,会;D. shall会。根据语境可知,这句话是父亲对子女的允诺,故选D。
【点睛】
shall的用法。
1. shall作为助动词,一般用于第一人称Ⅰ和We,表示一个将来的动作,构成将来时态。shall后面接动词原形。例如:
5.—Daddy, would you please buy me an iPhoneX?
—If you can pass this midterm examination, you __________ have one as a reward.
A.mustB.need
C.wouldD.shall
【详解】
考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。句意:真遗憾啊!考虑到他的能力和经验,他也许可以做得更好。can have done较少使用此结构,表示对过去行为的怀疑;用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”,表示怀疑;need have done需要做某事,实际上却未做(表示虚拟语气);must have done一定做了某事(表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测);might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。故D正确。
7.It has been announced that all the students ________ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with SARS virus.
A.shallB.willC.needD.may
10.Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition. You ________ have fixed full attention on it.
A.canB.should
C.needD.might
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:看!你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本应该做但实际上没有做”应该用should have done结构,can have done表示可能;need表示需要;might have done表示可能做过某事;故选B。
3.What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better.
A.need have doneB.must have done
C.can have doneD.might have done
【答案】D
【解析】
11.I often felt troubled in my teens and my grandma ________ comfort me, saying “Life is like that, dear”.
A.wouldB.mightC.s源自ouldD.must【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:在我十几岁的时候,我经常感到烦恼,我的奶奶会安慰我说,“生活就是这样,亲爱的”。此处是would+动词原形,表示“过去总是做某事”。故选A。
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