下推式磁悬浮系统软件设计
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
下推式磁悬浮系统软件设计 摘 要
磁悬浮系统能够创造一个无接触、无摩擦、无润滑的特殊空间环境,磁 悬浮技术可以用于实现零部件间无摩擦相对运动, 不仅提高了运动速度与精 度,而且还能延长零部件使用寿命。由于磁悬浮系统的这些优点,目前它不 仅在电气等工业领域得到广泛应用,而且在人类生活中也开始得到应用,充 分显示了磁悬浮技术在国民经济发展和人们生活质量提高方面具有广阔的 发展前景,因此对它进行设计或研究具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义 . 其中对磁悬浮系统的控制成为目前的首要问题。 随着磁悬浮技术的广泛应用,对磁悬浮系统的控制已成为首要问题。本 设计以 Arduino 开发板为平台,以 PID 控制和脉宽调制为原理,通过单片机 编程设计出 PID 控制器对磁悬浮系统进行控制。PID 控制器自产生以来,一 直是工业生产过程中应用最广、也是最成熟的控制器,以其结构简单、易实 现、适应性强等优点,处于主导地位。 本设计将创建一个基于 Arduino 开发板的下推式磁悬浮系统, 在分析磁 悬浮系统构成及工作原理的基础上, 确定控制方案, 通过编写系统控制程序, 不断调节 PID 控制参数, 并通过调节 PWM 的占空比来实时控制电磁线圈的电 流,从而使悬浮物体在 设定位置得到与干扰力相平衡的电磁吸力,最终得 到一个稳定的磁悬浮系统,此外系统还能够和 PC 机进行动态通信,由 PC 机实现对该磁悬浮系统的实时控制。最后, 本设计对以后研究工作的重点进 行了思考,提出了自己的见解。
KEY WORDS: magnetic suspension system, Arduino development board, PID controller, Pulse Width Modulation
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
目
前
录
言 ................................................. 1 绪论 .......................................... 2 设计的依据与意义 ............................. 2 国内外同类设计的概况综述 ..................... 3 本课题设计的主要任务 ......................... 4 磁悬浮系统的结构 .............................. 5 磁悬浮系统的工作原理 ......................... 5 磁悬浮系统的组成 ............................. 6 磁悬浮系统的结构特点 ......................... 7 磁悬浮系统的主要参数 ......................... 7 下推式磁悬浮控制系统设计 ..................... 9 位置检测原理 ................................. 9 控制系统设计 ................................ 10 系统数学模型 ............................. 10 控制器设计 ............................... 11 系统仿真 ................................. 12
第 1 章 §1.1 §1.2 §1.3 第 2 章 §2.1 §2.2 §2.3 §2.4 第 3 章 §3.1 §3.2
§3.2.1 §3.2.2 §3.2.3 §3.3 第 4 章 §4.1
小结 ........................................ 14 磁悬浮软件设计 ............................... 15 软件开发环境介绍 ............................ 15
关 键 词: 磁悬浮系统, Arduino 开发板, PID 控制,脉宽调制
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
THE SOFTWARE DESIGN OF PUSH TYPE MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM ABSTRACT
Magnetic levitation system can create a no contact, no friction, no lubrication of the special space environment. Maglev technology can be used to implement parts of no friction between the relative motion, not only increases the movement speed and accuracy, but also can prolong the service life of components. Because of these advantages of maglev system, it not only in the electrical industry is widely used, but is also beginning to be used in human life. It fully shows that magnetic suspension technology has a board development prospect on improving the development of national economy and the quality of life. Therefore, it has a very important theoretical significance and practical significance on designing or researching the system, and the control of the system has become the first problem. With the extensive application of maglev technology, the control of the maglev system has become a priority. In this paper, for the principle of PID control, Arduino development board as platform, PID controller designed to control magnetic suspension system. Since PID controllers have been the process of industrial production has been most widely and most sophisticated controller by its simple structure, easy to implement, robust, etc., in a dominant position. This design will create a magnetic suspension system based on the Arduino development board. On the basis of analyzing of magnetic suspension system’s structure and working principle, we will get the control scheme. Through making the program of the control system, regulating the PID parameters and changing the frequency of the PWM, we can control the electromagnetic coil current in real time, and the suspended object will obtains an electromagnetic
§4.1.1 Arduino nano 开发板介绍 .................... 16 §4.1.2 Arduino 编程环境 ........................... 17 §4.2 §4.3 §4.4 §4.5 §4.6 §4.7 软件设计思想与程序流程图 .................... 19 数据采集 .................................... 20 PID 调节控制 ................................. 21 PWM 输出 ..................................... 24 上位机通信 .................................. 27 按键变化功能 ................................ 27
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
第 5 章 §5.1 §5.2 §5.3 §5.4 §5.5 结 致
运行调试与结果分析 ........................... 30 硬件接线 .................................... 30 程序的编译与上传 ............................ 30 确定系统极性 ................................ 31 PID 参数整定 ................................. 32 结果 ........................................ 34
河南科技大学毕业设计(论文)
force to balance the gravity at the predetermined locations. Then we will get a stable magnetic suspension system. In addition, the system can do a dynamic communication with the personal computer, and realize the real -time control by the personal computer. At last, the key research works for further study are proposed.