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初中英语语法专题讲座07——动词
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
(5)不规则动词的过去式(过去分词)变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
原形动词
中文意思
过去式
过去分tood
understood
wake
醒
woke / waked
woke/waked/ woken
wear
穿
wore
worn
win
赢
won
won
write
写
wrote
written
2.一般过去时的基本用法:
⑴表示过去某时或某时段内发生的动作或情况,常常带有表示过去时间的状语,如:yesterday, two days ago, last month,just now, a moment ago, the other day,in 2000等。例如:ItwasTuesday yesterday.昨天是星期二。Whendidyoumeethim? Ten minutes ago.你什么时候遇见他的?10分钟以前。Welivedin a small town for about five years.我们在一个小城里住了大约5年。
⑵表示过去的习惯性动作,通常带有表示频度的状语。例如:He alwayscarriedan umbrella with him.他总是带着一把伞。Hewasoften late for school last term.上个学期他常常上学迟到。Shewentout shopping once a week, in the evenings.她每周一次晚上出去采购。
注意:shall有时在疑问句中,用来有礼貌地征询对方的意见。例如:Shall I open the window? Yes, please. (= Would you like me to…?)我把窗户打开好吗?好,请吧。
唤醒
awoke / awaked
awoke / awaked
bear
忍受出生
bore
born / borne
beat
击打
beat
beaten
become
变得成为
became
become
begin
开始
began
begun
bite
咬
bit
bit / bitten
blow
吹
blew
blown
break
打断
broke
broken
bring
带来
brought
brought
build
建造
built
built
burn
燃烧
burnt / burned
burnt / burned
buy
买
bought
bought
catch
抓住
caught
caught
choose
选择
chose
chosen
come
来
came
come
2.一般将来时的用法:
⑴.一般将来时的基本用法:表示将来要发生的动作或情况,常常带有表示将来时间的状语,如:tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on, soon, in 2050等。例如:He willcome back soon.他很快就会回来的。It will be Tuesday tomorrow.明天是星期二。We shall / will not be there till eleven.我们要到11点钟才会到那里。When will the train arrive?火车什么时候到?
2.一般现在时的基本用法:
⑴表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与always, usually, sometimes, often, every day等时间状语连用。例如:WehaveanEnglish class every day except Thursday.除了星期四,我们每天都上英语课。It oftenrainshere in spring.这里春天经常下雨。They alwaysgotoItalyfor their holidays.他们总是去意大利度假。Sometimes Icomeby train, but usually Icomeby car.有时我乘火车来,但是通常我乘汽车来。
还可以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类:及物动词和不及物动词。缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.
英语的动词从是否独立用作谓语来看,可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。所谓谓语动词,其实就是动词独立用作谓语时的形式;非谓语动词就是动词不独立用作谓语时的形式。前者由动词的各种时态形式来表示,后者则由不定式、分词和动名词来表示。英语谓语动词的八种时态、语态和几种变化形式如下:
shot
shot
shut
关闭
shut
shut
sing
唱
sang
sung
sink
下沉,沉没
sank
sunk
sit
坐
sat
sat
sleep
睡
slept
slept
smell
嗅,闻
smelled / smelt
smelled / smelt
speak
说
spoke
spoken
spend
花费
spent
spent
hurt
hurt
keep
保持
kept
kept
know
知道
knew
known
lay
放
laid
laid
lead
领导
led
led
learn
学习
learnt / learned
learnt / learned
leave
离开
left
left
lend
借出
lent
lent
let
让
let
let
lie
撒谎
lied
lied
⑵表示现在的特征和状态,通常不带时间状语。例如:Shelikesbread, but shedoesn’t likepizza.她爱吃面包,而不爱吃比萨饼。DoyouspeakEnglish?你会说英语吗?
⑶表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。例如:The sun alwaysrisesin the east.太阳总是从东方升起。Twice threemakessix. 2乘3等于6。
落下
fell
fallen
feed
喂
fed
fed
feel
觉得
felt
felt
fight
打仗
fought
fought
find
找到
found
found
fly
飞
flew
flown
forget
忘记
forgot
forgot/ forgotten
freeze
冻结
froze
frozen
get
得到
got
got / gotten
三、一般将来时:
1.一般将来时的构成:
一般将来时由“助动词shall / will+动词原形”构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、第三人称。美国英语在陈述句中不论什么人称一律使用will,英国英语现在也有这种趋势。shall / will在口语中可以略作’ll,如:I’ll, You’ll, He’ll, She’ll, It’ll, They’ll等等。
八种时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时do; doesam;is;are done
一般过去时did; -edwas;were done
一般将来时will dowill be done
现在进行时am;is;are doing am;is;are being done
过去进行时was;were doingwas;were being done
现在完成时have;has donehave;has been done
过去完成时had donehad been done
过去将来时would dowould be done
情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be done
* * * * * * * * * * * *
一、一般现在时:
1.一般现在时的构成:
(1)一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:worked played wanted acted
(2)以不发音的e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
(3)以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加-ed,如:studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied注意:以元音字母+ y结尾的动词,直接加-ed,如:played
lie
躺
lay
lain
lose
丢失
lost
lost
make
制做
made
made
mean
意思是
meant
meant
meet
遇见
met
met
mistake
误解,弄错
mistook
mistaken
misunderstand
误解,误会