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初中英语语法专题讲座07——动词

(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
(5)不规则动词的过去式(过去分词)变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
原形动词
中文意思
过去式
过去分tood
understood
wake

woke / waked
woke/waked/ woken
wear
穿
wore
worn
win

won
won
write

wrote
written
2.一般过去时的基本用法:
⑴表示过去某时或某时段内发生的动作或情况,常常带有表示过去时间的状语,如:yesterday, two days ago, last month,just now, a moment ago, the other day,in 2000等。例如:ItwasTuesday yesterday.昨天是星期二。Whendidyoumeethim? Ten minutes ago.你什么时候遇见他的?10分钟以前。Welivedin a small town for about five years.我们在一个小城里住了大约5年。
⑵表示过去的习惯性动作,通常带有表示频度的状语。例如:He alwayscarriedan umbrella with him.他总是带着一把伞。Hewasoften late for school last term.上个学期他常常上学迟到。Shewentout shopping once a week, in the evenings.她每周一次晚上出去采购。
注意:shall有时在疑问句中,用来有礼貌地征询对方的意见。例如:Shall I open the window? Yes, please. (= Would you like me to…?)我把窗户打开好吗?好,请吧。
唤醒
awoke / awaked
awoke / awaked
bear
忍受出生
bore
born / borne
beat
击打
beat
beaten
become
变得成为
became
become
begin
开始
began
begun
bite

bit
bit / bitten
blow

blew
blown
break
打断
broke
broken
bring
带来
brought
brought
build
建造
built
built
burn
燃烧
burnt / burned
burnt / burned
buy

bought
bought
catch
抓住
caught
caught
choose
选择
chose
chosen
come

came
come
2.一般将来时的用法:
⑴.一般将来时的基本用法:表示将来要发生的动作或情况,常常带有表示将来时间的状语,如:tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on, soon, in 2050等。例如:He willcome back soon.他很快就会回来的。It will be Tuesday tomorrow.明天是星期二。We shall / will not be there till eleven.我们要到11点钟才会到那里。When will the train arrive?火车什么时候到?
2.一般现在时的基本用法:
⑴表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与always, usually, sometimes, often, every day等时间状语连用。例如:WehaveanEnglish class every day except Thursday.除了星期四,我们每天都上英语课。It oftenrainshere in spring.这里春天经常下雨。They alwaysgotoItalyfor their holidays.他们总是去意大利度假。Sometimes Icomeby train, but usually Icomeby car.有时我乘火车来,但是通常我乘汽车来。
还可以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类:及物动词和不及物动词。缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.
英语的动词从是否独立用作谓语来看,可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。所谓谓语动词,其实就是动词独立用作谓语时的形式;非谓语动词就是动词不独立用作谓语时的形式。前者由动词的各种时态形式来表示,后者则由不定式、分词和动名词来表示。英语谓语动词的八种时态、语态和几种变化形式如下:
shot
shot
shut
关闭
shut
shut
sing

sang
sung
sink
下沉,沉没
sank
sunk
sit

sat
sat
sleep

slept
slept
smell
嗅,闻
smelled / smelt
smelled / smelt
speak

spoke
spoken
spend
花费
spent
spent
hurt
hurt
keep
保持
kept
kept
know
知道
knew
known
lay

laid
laid
lead
领导
led
led
learn
学习
learnt / learned
learnt / learned
leave
离开
left
left
lend
借出
lent
lent
let

let
let
lie
撒谎
lied
lied
⑵表示现在的特征和状态,通常不带时间状语。例如:Shelikesbread, but shedoesn’t likepizza.她爱吃面包,而不爱吃比萨饼。DoyouspeakEnglish?你会说英语吗?
⑶表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。例如:The sun alwaysrisesin the east.太阳总是从东方升起。Twice threemakessix. 2乘3等于6。
落下
fell
fallen
feed

fed
fed
feel
觉得
felt
felt
fight
打仗
fought
fought
find
找到
found
found
fly

flew
flown
forget
忘记
forgot
forgot/ forgotten
freeze
冻结
froze
frozen
get
得到
got
got / gotten
三、一般将来时:
1.一般将来时的构成:
一般将来时由“助动词shall / will+动词原形”构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、第三人称。美国英语在陈述句中不论什么人称一律使用will,英国英语现在也有这种趋势。shall / will在口语中可以略作’ll,如:I’ll, You’ll, He’ll, She’ll, It’ll, They’ll等等。
八种时态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时do; doesam;is;are done
一般过去时did; -edwas;were done
一般将来时will dowill be done
现在进行时am;is;are doing am;is;are being done
过去进行时was;were doingwas;were being done
现在完成时have;has donehave;has been done
过去完成时had donehad been done
过去将来时would dowould be done
情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be done
* * * * * * * * * * * *
一、一般现在时:
1.一般现在时的构成:
(1)一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如:worked played wanted acted
(2)以不发音的e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
(3)以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加-ed,如:studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied注意:以元音字母+ y结尾的动词,直接加-ed,如:played
lie

lay
lain
lose
丢失
lost
lost
make
制做
made
made
mean
意思是
meant
meant
meet
遇见
met
met
mistake
误解,弄错
mistook
mistaken
misunderstand
误解,误会
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