过去完成时用法讲解一、概念:表示过去的过去,其构成是had +过去分词。
二、用法:1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。
例如:He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。
)2. 与一般过去时搭配,表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。
例如:The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。
)The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她,因为我以前看见过她。
)解说:使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时,该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。
例如下面的说法是不正确的:He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。
请再观察下面的句子试比较: It had rained yesterday. (误)It rained yesterday.(正)或许你会说:“昨天下了雨,可是今天已放晴了,下雨已是过去的事,而且已经下完了,所以就用过去完成时……。
”这就是最令同学们对一般过去时和过去完成时感到混淆和困惑的。
实际上只要我们了解下面的两点原则就可以消除这种现象。
1. 由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。
2. 除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外,应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。
三、过去完成时常用的连词有:before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as等。
例如:He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.四、在什么情况下使用过去完成时?1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中,一般用过去完成时。
例如:She said (that) she had never been to Paris.2. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.3. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本……,未能……”。
例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.典型例题:The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ____ in the office.A. had written, leftB. were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left答案D。
“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前,因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。
句中when代表时间的一点,表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下, when所引导的动作正在发生。
因此前一句应用过去进行时。
初中英语语法梳理和提高14过去完成时态讲解试题过去完成时态11)过去完成时态的构成:肯定式:had + 动词的过去分词否定式:hadn't + 动词的过去分词疑问式:Had …+ 动词的过去分词简略回答: Yes, 主+ have/has had.No, 主+ had现在完成时的用法过去完成时的用法:1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
他表示的时间是"过去的过去"常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。
如:She said she had seen the film 4 times.When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.By the time they arrived, the bus had left.2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.A. studied, had goneB. had studied, wentC. has studied, goesD. had studied, had gone解析:"他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年"。
在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前,因此第一个空应用过去完成时。
此题选B。
2. Mary said it was at least five years since he ______ a good drink.A. enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. had enjoyedD. would enjoy解析:It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。
应选C。
3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been inB. had been inC. had been toD. had gone to解析:"小培说她去了海南三个月"。
have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。
所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.时态综合例题解析:1--What are Mr and Mrs Black doing ?---They _____ tea in the garden.A. are drinkingB. drankC. have drunkD. drink2. My mother often asks me _____early .A. get upB. got upC. getting upD. to get up3. Soon Wu Dong ____ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck.A. taughtB. caughtC. boughtD. brought4. The car ____and stopped at the red traffic light.A. got onB. got offC. slowed downD. picked up5. Tom ____ the CD player for two weeks.A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had6. ---Do you know ______?---Sorry, but if he _____ back, I ____ you know as soon as possible.A. when will he be back, comes, will letB. when he will be back, will come, will letC. what time will he be back, will come, letD. what time he will be back, comes, will let7. We ____ to the park if it is fine tomorrow.A. will goB. have goneC. go8. A new shoe factory will ______ in this part of the city.A. be buildingB. be builtC. build9. ---______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. ---Ok, Mom.A. Put upB. Put onC. Put downD. Put away10. --- How about going hiking this weekend?--- Sorry, I prefer ____ rather than _____.A. to stay at home, go outB. to go out, stay at homeC. staying at home, go outD. going out, stay at home解析:1.根据问句的时态现在进行时,答句时态要一致,故选答案: A2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配ask sb to do sth. 故答案:D3.根据第一句的固定动词词组catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态,故选答案: B4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案:C5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词,根据for two weeks 时间短语。
故选答案: C6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。
第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句,要用陈述句语序。
第二句是if 条件句。
丛句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
故选答案:B7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态,要用一般将来时,故选答案;A8.此题考查语态。
根据全句的意思,使用被动语态。