翻译期末作业论文浅析科技英语中长句的翻译A brief analysis on translation of long sentence in scientific English浅析科技英语中长句的翻译摘要如今随着社会的不断发展,科学技术也越来越尖端并且正在不断的更新中。
同时随着经济全球化发展,各国的科学技术也在互相补足与融合。
而这时候,为了能有更准确的理解,标准的科技英语翻译工作自然就成了科学技术的重要生产力。
科技英语翻译的重要性也越发突出。
本文将分析科技英语中长句和复合句的使用及分类,然后重点解析科技英语中长句的几种翻译技巧,从而能将复杂的科技英语中长句准确的译为汉语。
引言科技英语是用来陈述自然界、科技界所发生或出现的事情, 描述其规律、特点、过程等的语言, 其表达客观准确、逻辑性强、结构严谨。
为了更好地记录自然界的现象和科技界的动态, 用来记录的句子往往偏长、结构复杂。
所以在科技英语的翻译实践中遇到的具体问题之一就是科技英语长句的翻译,那么如何处理长句呢?这不仅需要掌握一定量的词汇,而且最重要的必须掌握相应的翻译技巧方可能更准确的翻译。
本文包含五个部分:首先,介绍了科技英语中长句的特点;其次,讲述了科技英语中长句和复合句的分类;再次,则分析了科技英语中长句的应用和在科技英语中英语长句的优点;接下来,这也是本文的重点,也就是浅析了科技英语中长句的几种翻译技巧;最后,则是全文的一个总结概述。
1.科技英语中长句的特点科技英语的特点主要是术语繁沉、论证严密,翻译时要特别注意逻辑是否严谨、术语是否准确、表达是否简练明确。
在实践过程中,科技英语长句的翻译是一个比较复杂、棘手的难题。
不仅限于并列句和复合句,简单句有时也很长,它的一个重要特点就是修饰语较长,这些修饰语一般都是短语和从句,它们或是位于名词后面的短语或从句,或是位于动词后面的短语或从句。
因此,为了兼顾译文的准确性和可读性,我们就要掌握一定的方法和技巧。
2.科技英语长句的分类2.1Sentence with a number of subordinate clauses of different levels.E.g.Perhaps the factor thatmakes a positive outcome most likely is the clear recognitin by the Japane se government and business community that there is an emergent need for innovation, and a wide agreem entthat the national interest requiredthatmajor effort be concentrated in this area.也许,带来积极结果的因素很大可能上是日本政府和商业界对当前急切需要创新和国家利益要求需在该领域投入更多的努力的认知。
2.2The sentence with a series of past-modifiers, like a chainE.g. Each cylinder is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of circuit through which water ispumped continuously, and closed by means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked by auxiliary motors.因而每个气缸都用一个水套围着,水套形成循环回路的一部分,由水泵驱使水在回路中不停地流动,并由外部鼓进的空气来使水冷却。
鼓风用的大型旋转风扇是由主曲轴带动的,而在大型电传动内燃机车上,则由辅助电机带动。
2.3The sentence whose main structure is interpreted by a number of subordinate elements.E.g.: The thickness of pavement material required to lower the stress from that applied by the wheel to the upper surface of the pavement to that allowance at the under surface depends upon the spreading ability of the pavement material.2.3The sentence with inverted word order as well as complicated structure.E.g.: Closely linked with the increased use of computer is the increased use of machines, instead of man power to do the job which can be most easily done by machines.随着计算机的普遍使用,可代替人力的机械的使用也在增加,通过这些机械可较容易完成一些工作3.科技英语中长句的应用和优点3.1长句被频繁使用的原因3.1.1In EST, there are many complicated ideas which are connected with each other. 在科技英语中,有很多互相有关联的概念需要表达,食物之间有很强的逻辑性和联系。
所以需要用长句才能更清楚的表达各个概念之间的关系。
3.1.2There are many complicated process. 每一个科学技术都包含很多复杂的过程,所以如果需要把一个科学技术的整个过程完整的表达出来又同时具有一定的逻辑性就必须使用长句。
3.1.3To make the expression objective.科技英语是用来陈述自然界、科技界所发生或出现的事情, 描述其规律、特点、过程等的语言, 其表达客观准确、逻辑性强、结构严谨。
所以必须使用长句才能更好地记录自然界的现象和科技界的动态。
3.2科技英语使用长句的优点3.2.1Expressing complicated ideas with different levels of senses which can't be expressed bysimple sentences. 科技英语的作用是陈述事理描述过程,它所给出的定义、定理、定律或描述的概念或工艺过程,都必须严谨、精确,因此语言中往往会加入一些修饰性限定性的语句。
科技文章中长句多,但长而不乱,它能完整清楚地表达出科技文献中各种复杂概念,体现思维缜密,逻辑严密的特点。
而这些是一般简单不能达到的效果。
3.2.2Giving a sharp contrast between two or more things, which cannot be done effectively bysimple sentence.3.2.3Making the expression compact in structure and coherent in sense.3.2.4Giving prominence to the central idea by subordinating less important parts.3.2.5Giving a whole idea and making the reader feel a sense of completeness.3.2.6In describing industrial production and scientific research, long and complicated sentencecan give the reader a sense of continuity.E.g. (1 The information as well as the decisions arising from it is processed.(2 Then it moves on to the next stage.(3 On the next stage again the specific circumstances of the operation is digested.(4 And the best decisions are made.(5 Then the information is processed and passes forward once more.…The information as well as the decision arising from it is processed and moves on to the next stage where again the specific circumstances of the operation is digested and the best decisions suggested, and then the information is processed and passes forward once more.4.科技英语中长句的翻译技巧长句之所以难翻译, 主要是其中包含多个从句或短语, 使句子结构十分复杂、难以理顺造成的。
因此, 科技英语译者必须首先分析和弄清从句的语法结构, 从句与主句、短语与主句等之间的语法关系和逻辑关系, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析各层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 采取相应的手段准确地译成汉语。
4.1结构分析法首先找出句子的主干或核心句: 主谓结构或主谓宾结构; 其次,找出句中的连词( and, but, when, for等和关联词(which, that, who等。
确认各个简单句的意义, 把它们联系起来, 确定其间的意义联系。
长句翻译成汉语后, 句意必须合理。
这是判别翻译正确与否的重要标志。
例For a system initially containing a gaseous mixture of hydrogen,chlorine,and liquid waterevaporation of water until the practical pressure of water vapour in the gaseous phase becomes essentiallyequal to the vapour pressure of liquid water at the temperature of the system.分析:(1根据谓语动词“would approach”、becomes和连词until,可以判定是但顺德主从复合句;(2主句中主语为system,“containing……water”是现在分词短语,用作system的定语;initially是修饰containing的状语;equilibrium是动词宾语;“very soon”、closely和“with respect to water vapour and liquid water”、“through……water”都是修饰动词approach 的状语;主句中情态动词would表示委婉的判断。