第二十讲倒装一、语法倒装1 . 虚拟条件句中的倒装如果虚拟条件句中的谓语部分含有were, had 或should, 可以把它们放在句首, 省去连词if, 变成倒装句。

例如:Were it not for your help, I wouldn..t have got what I have today . 要是没有你的帮助, 我就不会有今天。

Had I known it earlier, I wouldn..t have lent him the money . 要是早知道这件事, 我就不会把钱借给他了。

Should he act like that again, he would be punished . 要是他再这样干,他就要受到惩罚。

2 . 当句首为here, there, now, then, such 等副词, 谓语动词为be, go, come 等时, 句子的主谓要求倒装Here is the book you want . 你要的书在这儿。

There goes the bell . 铃响了。

Now comes your turn . 现在轮到你了。

Then came the order to take off . 起飞的命令到了。

Now is the hour when they say goodbye . 他们告别的时候到了。

Note: ①若主语为人称代词, 则不用倒装。

例如:There he comes ! 他来了!Here they are . 他们在这儿。

A:Where is the key ?B: Here it is .Behind the counter she stood , beautiful and pale .②副词或介词+ with + 其他成分是一种表示祈使命令的倒装结构, 句中省略了动词。

例如:In with you ! 你进来!Up with the wallet !捡起那个钱包!On with your clothes ! 穿上你的衣服!Down with it ! 撕下它! ( = Take it down !)Off with your caps ! 脱去你们的帽子! ( = Take off your caps !)Out with it ! 说出来! ( = Speak it out !)3 . so can we 和so he is如果前面句子中所说的情况也适合后面的句子, 后面的句子常用so(肯定句) , nor, either , no more(否定句)引导构成倒装句, 并且用do( does , did)代替实义动词。

例如:They can leave now, so can we . 他们现在可以离开了, 我们也能。

You have helped her, and so has she you . 你帮助过她, 她也帮助过你。

( = and she has helped you)He loves the girl . So does she him . 他爱这个女孩, 这个女孩也爱他。

She respected me and so did I her . 她尊重我, 我也尊重她。

新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书788 第二十讲倒装You can..t do it , nor can I . 你不能做这件事, 我也不能。

He didn..t see the film last night , neither did she . 他昨晚没看电影, 她也没看。

She can..t understand his lecture, no more can I . 她听不懂他的演讲, 我也听不懂。

.. 但如果不是表示情况的适合, 而是表示对前面句子内容的同意或肯定, 则不能用倒装句。

例如:He is a good student , so he is . 他是个好学生, 他的确是。

A:“Did Jack tell you to go there ?”“杰克告诉你去那里了吗?”B:“He did . And so I did .”“他告诉了, 我也去了。

”(不可说And so did I)Note: 倒装结构中的nor 也可换为and nor 或but nor; 表示另一人或物“也不”时, 也可用and neither。

例如:She did not do it , and nor(but nor ) did she try to .You are not wrong, and neither is she .4. 感叹句中的倒装How happy the children are ! (表语前置)孩子们多幸福啊!What a lovely birthday present the old lady has received ! (宾语前置)这位老太太收到一份多好的生日礼物啊!5. the more . . ., the more 结构中的倒装The harder you work , the hap pier you feel . (状语前置、表语前置)你工作越努力, 就越觉得快乐。

The more you study, the more you know . 你学得越多, 就知道得越多。

(宾语前置)6. 从句中关系代词或关系副词的倒装He couldn..t tell where his home was . (宾语从句中表语前置)Whatever I have is at your service . (主语从句中宾语前置)我所有的东西请随便使用。

However fast he may run, he will never catch up with Jim . (状语从句中状语前置)7 .many a time 和next 等表示时间、次数或顺序的副词位于句首时常要倒装Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone . 我许多次看见她独自散步。

(也可说Many a time I have . . .)Many a time in college years have we wandered in the hills . 在大学时代, 我们有许多次在山中漫游。

(也可说Many a time in college years we have . . .)Of ten did she come to my home in the past . 她过去常常到我家来。

(也可说She oftencame . . .)Of ten have I heard it said that it is a good book . 我常听人说这是一本好书。

(也可说Ihave often heard . . .) (也可说Very (或Quite) often I have heard . . .)Twice within her li f etime has she been to England . 她一生中已两次到过英国。

Next came a man in his forties . 下一个来的是一个四十几岁的人。

Long did we wait before hearing from her . 我们等了很久才收到她的信。

Long did the hours seem while I waited there . 我在那里等的时候, 时间似乎过得特别慢。

8 .well, so, gladly 等表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时常倒装Well do I remember the day I saw her first . 我第一次见到她的那一天, 我记忆犹新。

Well did I know her and well did she know me . 我很了解她, 她也很了解我。

Gladly would I accept your proposal . 我很高兴接受你的建议。

Note: 下面句中的selfish 为形容词, 位于句首时表示强调, 要倒装。

大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)789 一、语法倒装Sel f ish does our life make us . 生活把我们变得如此自私。

9 . 副词短语位于句首时, 常把主语与谓语倒装On her le f t sat her husband . 她左边坐着她丈夫。

Beyond the river lives an old fisherman . 有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。

Among the guests was standing Mary . 玛丽站在客人中间。

10 . 行为动词的倒装在含有情态动词的谓语中, 行为动词(有时连同宾语或补语)可以倒装表示强调。

例如:I have my duty to do, and do it I will .Write a poem I cannot; let me write an essay instead .11 . 定语、状语和宾语补足语的倒装1)从句、不定式或介词短语等作定语修饰主语时, 通常紧跟在主语之后, 但如果定语成分过长, 应将其放在谓语动词之后, 以使主语和谓语靠近, 其结构为: 主语+ 谓语+ 定语成分He is a sly person who gets up to crafty tricks behind your backs and slander you . (优)He who gets up to crafty tricks behind your backs and slander you is a sly person . (劣)The time had come for the couple to have a serious talk and to break up their marriage . (优)The time for the couple to have a serious talk and to break up their marriage had come . (劣)2)动词的宾语过长时, 须将修饰动词的状语移到宾语之前, 其结构为: 动词+ 状语+ 宾语She was unable to get across to him what she really thought and meant . (正)She was unable to get what she really thought and meant across to him . (不妥)A pretty girl wore around her neck a scar f which hung down to her waist . (正)A pretty girl wore a scar f which hung down to her waist around her neck . (不妥)3)宾语补足语一般应在宾语之后, 但宾语过长时, 应将其移到宾语之前, 结构为: 动词+ 宾语补足语+ 宾语She made clear her whole-hear ted support to the gigantic project . (正)She made her whole-hear ted support to the gigantic project clear . (不妥)They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month . (正)They pushed all the windows that remained closed for a whole month open . (不妥)Note: 如果定语、状语或宾语补足语较短, 则不必倒装, 当然倒装也可以。