动词动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。

动词的基本形式： 动词原形、 过去式、 现在分词和过去分词。

（3种结构）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。

“主·谓·（宾）”结构Peter always spends too much time playing computer games.Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning.I like listening to classical music.“There · be ”结构There is a map on the wall. There are some birds in the sky. “主·系·表”结构It ’s very cold today. The earth is bigger than the moon.My father is a teacher.动词第三人称单数（3种结构） 表示发生在过去的动作。

在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式.规则变化this ---；just now ； --- ago; after ---; when --- 等等。

注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借助did 或didn ’t 构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。

例如：I went to the zoo yesterday.My mother didn ’t go to the park last weekend.Did Jim come to see you last night?. 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。

（只有延续性动词有进行时； 非延续性动词没有进行时 ） 主语 + 系动词（am / is / are ）+ 现在分词 现在分词的构成Look . Alice is reading a magazine over there.Listen . Peter is singing a Chinese song.Alice is talking to Peter now .I’m learning Japanese at the moment.特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。

主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。

I’m going to school now.Mary is leaving for New York soon.Spring Festival is coming.I’m arriving in Beijing.表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。

主语 + 系动词（was / were ）+ 现在分词David was doing his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday.I was doing my homework at his time yesterday.Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him.表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。

主语 + will + 动词原形主语 + ( am / is / are ) + going to + 动词原形主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：例如：I will tell you the good news.John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow.一般将来时常见的提示:tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days; this evening, soon, at the end of this term一般将来时的用法1.表示将来的动作或状态。

例如：We will get to Shanghai tomorrow.2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般将来时。

例如：Get up early, and you will catch the early bus.Hurry up, or you will be late for school.“be going to+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”be going to和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。

表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。

( 间接引语 / 宾语从句 ) 主语 + would + 动词原形主语 + ( was / were ) + going to + 动词原形主语 + ( was / were ) +非延续动词的动名词例如：I thought you would help the old man.Mary was going to take part in this meeting.He said he was leaving for Hong Kong.含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”.汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语.构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词例如：I have seen this movie before. (结果：我了解这部影片的内容 )He has had a good education. (结果：他的知识水平很高 )现在完成时常见的标志?:so far / up to now?; recently?; in recent years?; before?; in the past …?/ in the last … / over the past … / over the last …?since / for: 既可以用于?“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“现在完成进行时”.already / yet / ever / never / before: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“过去完成时”.I have already finished the work. / I have just finished the work.Have you finished the work yet??I haven’t finished my work yet.延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词可以接一段时间；非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间, 如果要接一段时间, 就必须把非延续性动词替换成相应的延续性动词.come -- be here He came here two hours ago.He has been here for two hours.go -- be out/ be away They went out an hour ago.They have been out for an hour.leave --- be away Tom left ten minutes ago.Tom has been away for ten minutes.buy --- have I bought this dictionary 10 years ago.I have had this dictionary for 10 years.begin---be on The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes. 某些延续性动词（如：look for, watch, wait for, live, work, develop, teach, learn, study,rain等）与since或for连用时，表示“从过去的某一时刻起,一直持续到现在的动作”，它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相替换。

He has lived here for 20 years. He has been living here for 20 years. ▲ have been to 表示“曾经去过 ---”?: I have been to Beijing before. ▲ have gone to 表示“已经去了 ---”?: They have gone to Japan.主语 + had + 过去分词表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作 -- “过去的过去”.By the end of last month, we had learned 12 English songs.By the time he got home, all the guests had left.When they arrived at the railway station，the train had already left.Before I went to bed，I had finished reading that book.After I had finished reading the book，I went to bed.“by the end of last ---”只能用于“过去完成时”By the end of last month, we had learned 5000 English words.主语 + have / has + been + 现在分词表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在，一直在做某事。

I have been waiting for your reply since I sent you a letterI have been living here for 20 yearsIt has been raining since last nightSince 1989, Wang Gang has been working in this company.He has been learning English for 10 years.动词时态专项训练1． He often to the park with some friends on Sundays.A. goB. goesC. is goingD. has gone 2． Tom’s father listening to classical music.A. likeB. don’t likeC. likesD. is liking 3． your mother up early in the morning.A. Do / getB. Do / getsC. Does / getsD. Does / get 4． Look, the boys football on the playground.A. playB. playingC. are playingD. is play5． Peter went swimming with Mike yesterday, he ?A. didB. doesC. didn’tD. doesn’t 6． I a UFO in the sky while I was talking a walk in the street just now.A. sawB. have seenC. will seeD. was seeing 7． Fred a model plane when I went to see him.A. makesB. is makingC. was makingD. made8． I’ll tell her to call you back when she back.A. will comeB. comesC. has comeD. is coming 9． My father cigarettes, he thinks it is harmful for health.A. didn’t smokeB. don’t smokeC. doesn’t smokesD. doesn’t smoke10．I 2000 English words by the end of last term.A. had learnedB. have learnedC. would learnD. was learning11．How long you the mobile phone ?A. have boughtB. have / hadC. did / buyD. do / buy 12．My brother to London many times, so he knows London very well.A. was goingB. wentC. has beenD. has gone13．I want to know if you free tomorrow evening. If you free, I’d like to invite you to dinner.A. will be / areB. are / will beC. are / areD. will be / will be14．Listen, the music very nice.A. is soundingB. soundC. soundsD. is sounded 15．I my best to learn English well from now on.A. triedB. have triedC. am tryingD. will try16．Our teacher told us that light faster than sound.A. travelledB. travelsC. had travelledD. is travelled 17．Mr Brown isn’t at home now. He to his office.A. had goneB. had beenC. has goneD. has been18．He said he would go to the movies with us if he free.A. will beB. would beC. isD. was19．Jenny to visit her grandma three days ago.A. wentB. goesC. has goneD. had gone 20．The Greens China for five years.A. has been inB. have been inC. has come toD. have gone to21．There a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow.A. will haveB. will beC. would beD. is going to have 22．I to Hainan for vacation in three days.A. wentB. goC. will goD. was going 23．How long you French before you went to Paris ?A. had / studiedB. have / studiedC. do / studyD. would / study24．Hi, Peter. I you were here.A. don’t knowB. haven’t knownC. hadn’t knownD. didn’t know25．We will get everything ready before she here.A. will comeB. comesC. would comeD. came 26．Tom his coat and then went out.A. put onB. puts onC. had put onD. would put on 27．Neither of us interested in folk songs.A. wereB. amC. isD. are28．I heard her in the next room when I got home.A. playB. playingC. to playD. played 29．Linda TV since 6 o’clock this morning.A. was watchingB. has been watchedC. had watchedD. has been watching30．He to work in a factory at the age of 17.A. beganB. has begunC. would beginD. had begun 31．One day while I along the street, I someone calling me.A. walked / heardB. was walking / was hearingC. was walking / heardD. walked / was hearing 32．Neither I nor he in physics.A. are interestingB. are interestedC. is interestingD. is interested 33．I in the bar for an hour before she .A. had waited / arrivedB. waited / had arrivedC. was waiting / had arrivedD. have waited / arrive 34．He he me before.A. said / has metB. said / had metC. says / had metD. is saying / has met 35．Tina said that she a party at home the next Saturday evening.A. had heldB. will holdC. would holdD. is holding 36．When he arrived at the cinema, the film already .A. was / startingB. would / startC. has / startedD. had / started 37．-- Where’s Mr Green ?-- He Japan on business. He back in two weeks.A. has gone to / isB. has been to / will beC. has been to / comesD. has gone to / will be 38．He has never seen such a wonderful movie before, ?A. hasn’t heB. didn’tC. has heD. did he 39．Jean me whether I to London before.A. asked / had beenB. asked / would goC. asked / has beenD. asked / went40．I her since 2007.A. didn’t seeB. hadn’t seenC. haven’t seenD. haven’t been seeing 41．I late in the morning in the past, but now I early.A. used to get up / am used to get upB. am used to getting / used to get upC. used to get up / am used to getting upD. am used for getting / used to get up42．I the computer for three years.A. have boughtB. have hadC. had boughtD. bought 43．I the movie before. I ten years ago.A. have seen / sawB. had seen / sawC. saw / have seenD. had seen / have seen 44．Frank to Qingdao five years ago, and he here for five years.A. has come / livedB. had come / livedC. came / had livedD. came / has lived45．I don’t know when he . When he , I’ll let you know.A. arrives / will arriveB. will arrive / will arriveC. will arrive / arrivesD. arrives / arrives46．When you to learn English ?A. do / beginB. did / beginC. have / begunD. had / begun 47．Linda went to the party last Saturday, and .A. so was IB. so I wasC. so did ID. so I did48．-- What the weather like tomorrow ?-- It very cold.A. is / going to be / isB. will / be / willC. is / going to be / is goingD. will / be / will be49．-- Excuse me. Look at the sign: No Smoking.-- Sorry. I it.A. don’t seeB. didn’t seeC. haven’t seenD. won’t see50．When Jack arrived, he learned that Mary for almost an hour.A. had goneB. had set offC. had leftD. had been away BCDCC ACBDA BCACD BCDAB BCADB ACBDA CDABC DDCAC CBADC BCDBD。