文化翻译基本方法直译Literal translation & 意译free translation 人家是醋罐子，他是醋缸，醋瓮！Y: If other women are jealous, she’s a hundred times.H: They call jealous people “vinegar bottles”, don’t they? Well, she’s not just a bottle full of vinegar; she’s a storage jar ---a whole cistern ---full of it!除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间呢.一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走.我没那么好的记性.大家见面,招呼声”吃了吗?”透着和气.Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there, only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are very few. Besides, they are always on the go (moving in today and moving out tomorrow).I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all that. When people meet, they greet with each other with a Hi, just to show their good neighborly feelings.直译：指翻译时要尽量保持原作的语言形式，包括用词，句子结构，修辞手段等，同时要求语言流畅易懂，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。
literal translation: a method in which the translator tries to keep the original usage of words, structures and figures of speech in the translation which must be smooth to read and lead to no mistake or difficulty in understanding.又要马儿好，又要马儿不吃草。
You want the horse to run fast and you don’t let it graze.叫一声请，一起举箸，却如风卷残云一般，遭去了一半。
看那周先生时，一箸也不曾下。
At the signal to begin, they fell to with their chopsticks, like a whirlwind scattering wisps of cloud. And half the food had gone before they noticed that Chou Chin had not eaten a bite.揭去方巾，见那娘子辛小姐，真有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。
杨宪益《儒林外史》When the bride’s red veil was removed, he saw that Miss Xin the bride was lovely enough to outshine the moon and put the flowers to shame.三年被毒蛇咬了，如今梦见一条绳子也是害怕。
A man who has been bitten by a poisonous snake will be frightened if he dreams of a rope three years after!平儿说道：“癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉，没人伦的混账东西，起这样的念头，叫他不得好死！”（11）“What a nasty, disgusting man!”said Patience. “A case of ‘the toad on the ground wanting to eat the goose in the sky.’He’ll come to no good end, getting ideas like this”. (H)AdvantagesBy keeping the original structure, figures of speech and usage of words, thus vividness of the original is maintained.Enrich target language and culture. flea market, honeymoon, maiden work, brainwash, chain storeMechanic translation It is also called word-for-word translation. It tries to keep the original usage of words, original sentence structure, figures of speech as well. All these are done regardless of linguistic and cultural differences. What is said in one language possibly may not be accepted or understood in another culture or language. In many cases, this method may lead to two consequences: the sentence appears hard to understand and not smooth to read; the meaning and the style of the sentence differ from the original.匡超人听了这话，慌忙作揖，磕下头去，说道：“晚生真乃‘有眼不识泰山’”。
When Kuang Chao-ren heard this, he made haste to bow. “Although I have eyes,”he exclaimed, “I have failed to see Mount Tai.”•等我性子上来，把这‘醋罐子’打个稀烂，他才认的我呢！Y: “One of these days when I really lose my temper, I’m going to give that vinegary bitch a good beating to show her who’s master here.”H: One of these days when I get my temper up I m going to lay into that jealous bitch and break every bone in her body. Then perhaps she’ll know who’s master round here.直译与死译的区别：直译能够符合译语习惯，通顺易懂。
死译只注意保存原文形式，对原文的用词，句子结构，修辞手段等统统原封不动地搬过来，在原语和译语差别很大的情况下也不做调整，因而晦涩难懂。
It was an old and ragged moon.那是一轮又老有破的月亮。
那是一轮下弦残月。
He is the last one to fit for the job.意译从意义出发，只要求将原文大意表达出来，不注意细节，译文流畅自然即可。
意译不注意原文用词，句子结构，修辞手段等。
Free translation is a method in which a translator translates mostly the meaning of the sentence while the structure of the original, its usage of words and figures of speech will not be maintained in the translation so that smooth reading and correct understanding of the translation can be achieved. Sometimes, change of metaphor is also accepted.除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间呢.一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走.我没那么好的记性.大家见面,招呼声”吃了吗?”透着和气.Besides the room we occupy there are twenty more rooms in the same compound. How many families live there, only God knows. Those who occupy two rooms are very few. Besides, they are always on the go(moving in today and moving out tomorrow). I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all that. When people meet, they greet with each other with a Hi, just to show their good neighborly反正生米做成了熟饭，再生气也没有用。
再说，妹妹的话也不无道理，那司马相如毕竟是被梁王看中过的人，总不会一辈子穷困潦倒的。
（徐飞《凤求凰》4）After all, what’s done is done, and there’s no point keeping on being angry about it. Besides, Wenjun may not be far wrong when she says that Xiangru has a brilliant future ahead of him. Remember, he was highly thought of by the king of Liang at one time. He will surely not be poor and struggling all his life.Advantageeasy understanding and smooth reading Translate literally, if possible, or appeal to free translation. Free translation is the last resort of a translator.凤姐儿想一想，笑道：“一家子也是过正月节，合家赏灯吃酒，真真的热闹非凡。