协助育种材料目标性状基因的导入
Crop management
Drip Irrigation
作物栽培方式
• Asses quality (stability) under diverse environment & management conditions
评价多种环境条件下品质的稳定性
NH3
Fertilization
MAS
Glu-1 Glu-3 Sec-1 Gli-1
一些不发达国家买不起进口小麦，可能引起饥饿和营养不良，最终导致社会动荡
Low price-high quality wheat is necessary to process foods demanded by a continuously growing population.
针对人口不断增加带来对食物消费需求的增长，生产低价格高品质小麦是十分必要的
高昂的谷物价格影响了低收入人群对低价谷物食品的使用
Importing wheat may not be sustainable for LD wheat-consuming countries and therefore may promote hunger, undernourishment, health problems and finally cause Social Unrest in some countries.
7th National Wheat Conference, Zhonghuating Nov 18, 2015
30 min.
Improving end-use quality of wheat while considering potential impacts to nutrition and health
改良小麦加工品质，兼顾营养和健康因素
Roberto J. Peña Consultant CIMMYT, Global Wheat Program, Mexico
Importance of wheat as a food grain 粮食小麦的重要性
• Food for 2,500 million people in poverty (< 2 USD/day) 25亿贫困人口的主食 • Provides 20-60% of the calorie (and protein) intake in LDC 为贫困人口提供20-60%热量 • Food crop more traded globally 粮食作物全球贸易化
Quality requirements:品质要求 Medium hard grain (starch damage); medium protein content; Medium strongextensible gluten 籽粒硬度中等、中等蛋白质含量、中强筋和好延展性
medium starch pasting viscosity 中等淀粉糊化黏度
10
9
Noodles & Steamed bread
SOFT
MEDIUM
HARD
T. Durum
8
Grain hardness
Gluten strength
Flour Noodles 面条专用粉
Flour noodles are becoming more popular outside East Asia mainly because this are considered convenience foods (ready to cook/eat)
提高小麦食品品质以满足对特殊品质的需求
15
Main Wheat-based products
Pan breads Leavened breads
Pasta14源自Protein content %
13
12
Flat bread Tandyr bread
Couscous
11
Biscuits, Cakes, Pastry, Puddings
October 18, 2015 Asia’s hunger boosts demand for wheat 亚洲日益增长的小麦需求
Quoting the article. “Bread and pastries are becoming the new staple, pushing rice off the menu Asia is losing some of its appetite for rice in favor of wheat.
It is paramount to concomitantly breed for yield, disease resistance and processing quality
同时培育高产、抗病、优质小麦品种
Challenges in wheat quality improvement
小麦品质改良的挑战
CIMMYT高产、优质面包小麦育种进程
New crosses: Parental lines are selected to ensure progeny combining high yield potential, resistance to diseases and superior quality (suitable grain hardness and combination of best gliadin and glutenin proteins) Breeding activities
明确主要品质性状的遗传调控
Environment 环境 (drought, heat, frost, high rainfall)
Conservation Agriculture
• Help introgression of key quality traits in new crosses & selection of adv. lines for desirable quality attributes
White flour color (low Poly Phenol Oxidaze activity) 面粉色泽白（低PPO活性）
Fresh
Dry Hand-pulled
Instant Flour Noodles
Factors influencing the quality of high-yielding wheat
提高农村和贫困人口的铁锌摄入量及微量营养元素的利用率
Health (Safety)健康（安全）
• Improve fusarium resistance to get mycotoxin-free crops
提高毒素抗性、培育无毒素品种
Gluten protein network
• Determine factors triggering Celiac Disease; Gluten intolerance; High Glycemic Index (flour refinement; starch quality)
影响高产小麦品质的因素
Genetic factors (grain hardness; glutenins; starch, etc.)遗传因素
Objectives of the Wheat Quality Laboratory:小麦品质实验室的功能 • Understand genetic control of key grain quality traits
in 2014. Along with record pizza sales and noodle consumption, demand for cakes and pastries is also increasing.”
2014年中国小麦需求增长，消费量为1.18亿吨。披萨、面条和糕点的消费量也在增加。
End use quality 加工品质
• Improve sprouting tolerance where needed (S Korea) 提高抗穗发芽能力 • Achieve medium to strong (but sufficiently extensible) gluten to prepare diverse bread types (and noodles) 具有中强筋且好的延展性，可以制作多种面包和面条 • Enhance amylose in starch to improve swallowing of sticky foods (elders)
确定抗糜泻症、谷蛋白过敏症和糖尿病的因子
• Urban population and demand for processed wheat based foods increases constantly. 城市人口对小麦食品需求不断增加 • Need to enhance production and quality to satisfy the growing demand for quality-specific wheat crops
肥料
• Develop/implement high throughput selection tools
发展高通量筛选工具
10
Seed selection is an essential activity in wheat breeding
种子筛选是小麦育种的基本程序
Selecting for large and plump grain allows identifying:
筛选大粒、饱满籽粒可以产生：
•lines with good grain yield高产 •Flour yield (milling) potential 出粉率高
Development of high yielding, superior quality bread wheat at CIMMYT