海洋数值模拟
Numerical Simulation of Oceanic Dynamics
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1.1 海与洋
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注意！
Coastal Zone:
陆上高潮线上10km，15m等深线 （海洋管理）
Coastal Ocean:
陆架+河口+海湾
Marginal Sea:
大洋边缘，不一定浅
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1.2 物理海洋学及其研究方法
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Oceanology & Oceanography
There is a basic difference between the terms oceanography and oceanology.
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Physical Oceanography
The goal of their work is to understand and predict the processes including such important processes as El Niño, tsunamis, tides, the role of the ocean in climate and the ice ages, and the influence of the oceans on local climate.
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Two types of ocean models -2
Simulation models are used for calculating realistic circulation of oceanic regions. The models are often very complex because all important processes are included, and output is difficult to interpret.
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Pal Oceanography is the study of the physical processes in the ocean and the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere.
Physical oceanographers study currents, tides, waves, and convection in the deep ocean, along coasts, and in the surf zone. They also study the heat budget of the ocean including solar heating, evaporation, radiation into and out of the sea, and the transport of heat and salt by currents.
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Combination of the methods
The ultimate goal is to know the ocean well enough to predict the future.
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1.3 海洋数值模型的发展
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Why we use numerical model?
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Two types of ocean models -1
•Mechanistic models are simplified models used for studying processes. Because the models are simplified, the output is easier to interpret than output from more complex models.
Oceanography is the recording and description of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ocean. This term inadequately describes modern scientific ocean investigations.
•Many different types of simplified models have been developed, including models for describing planetary waves, the interaction of the flow with sea-floor features, or the response of the upper ocean to the wind. These are perhaps the most useful of all models because they provide insight into the physical mechanisms influencing the ocean.
In doing their work they often construct elaborate numerical models of the circulation, and they develop instruments used on ships and satellites.
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Oceanology is the scientific study of the sea by applying traditional sciences, such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, etc., to all aspects of the ocean.
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Methods we study physical oceanography
As we study the ocean, we use
theory, observations, and numerical models to describe ocean
dynamics.
Neither is sufficient by itself.