《公共管理英语》部分翻译(目前缺第四章、第六章、第七章翻译)第一章1Opening Administration to the Public政务公开得益于2001年11月16日生效的政府最近实施的邀请市民旁听政府会议的行政事务公开改革措施,安徽省蚌埠市的市民现在有机会参加市政府会议。
每次行政事务会议邀请10名市民参加。
邀请参加重要会议的人数是可以变化的。
这些旁听者可以是人大代表、政协委员、民主党派的要员、工商联代表及其他。
他们要至少18岁，并且愿意参加会议。
旁听者可以通过政府部门以书面形式发表他们的意见。
Increasing Transparency增加透明度在部分城市和农村的基础上，今年的上半年，广东省已要求村及村以上的政府行政事务都要公开。
所有有关法律、规章和公民必须遵循的政府决定，只要不涉及政党和中央政府的机密，都要向公众公开。
具体内容如下：经济社会发展战略，工作目标和它们的完成情况；重大决策和政策的主动过程；财政预算和执行情况；专用基金的分配和重要物资的购买；主要基本建设计划和它们的招投标；政府投资的公共福利项目；政府审批的项目及完成情况；政府向公众承事项的完成情况；有关公民、法人、组织权益的法律实施；重大事件的处理；-官员的选拔任用，公务员的录用，先进工作者的评价，员工调动的原则改革及公众关心的其他问题；政府机构的职能和官员的职责；工作内容、条件、流程和时间以及工作效果；工作原则，承担义务、对违反应承担义务的起诉方法及调查结果；Apart from opening administrative affairs to society, various de partments of the Guangdong Provincial Government have been required t o open their internal system construction, work operations and manage ment, specifically the self-discipline of officials; income and expen diture of the department; management of the human resources, distribu tion of income to workers and staff members as well as their welfare treatment; and other issues.除了向社会公开行政事务，广东省已经要求各政府部门公开机关内部结构，工作运转方式和管理情况，特别是官员的自律情况；部门的收入和经费开支情况，工作人员的收入分配和他们的福利待遇，以及其它事项。
Knowing government administration is one of people’s fundamenta l rights, and the opening of administrative information has become an indispensable part in the government’s administration. In the meant ime, opening government administration is also a main principle of th e WTO, listed on most of its documents. After China’s entry into the WTO, it was required to be better in this field. China’s transformat ion of government functions lags behind that of its economic growth.了解政府的行政行为是公民基本权力之一，政务公开是政府的应尽的职责。
公开行政信息是已经是政府管理中必不可少的部分。
同时，政务公开也是WTO的一项主要原则，被列在WTO的大部分文件中。
在中国加入WTO后，被要求在这方面做得更好。
中国的政府职能转变落后于它的经济增长。
A fresh move the opening of government administration still need s improvement. Experts appealed to the state to place great importanc e on the issue by setting up special department to handle related aff airs, and devising a law on opening government administrations.政务公开作为一项新举措仍需要改进。
专家希望政府将其放在更重要位置，通过设置处理相关事务的专门部门，对政务公开进行立法。
Red-Title Document Open to the Public对公众公开红头文件At the end of last year, the Beijing municipal government, locat ed on Zhengyilu Road, placed a reception desk at the entrance of its west gate from Monday to Friday to receive citizens who come to the B eijing Municipal Government Bulletin. Since the bulletin opened to th e public in early 2002, the telephone at the editorial office has kep t ringing. Many of the calls come from Guangdong, Zhejiang, Heilongji ang provinces and Hong Kong SAR, inquiring about subscription procedu res.在去年底，位于遵义路上的北京市政府，每周一到周五在其西大门入口处放置接待桌以接受市民来征订《北京市政府公告》。
早在2002年政府公告向公众公开后，编辑部的电话就一直响着。
许多电话来自广东、浙江、黑龙江和香港特区，来咨询征订程序。
The bulletin, which contains government regulations, administrat ive orders and decisions, is popularly known as a “red-title documen t” and is a mystery to most people, because it only reached leaders above bureau level in the past.包括政府规章、行政命令和决定的公文过去常称为红头文件，对大多数人而言是神秘的，因为它过去只发到局级以上干部。
Wei Guiqin, director of the Beijing Huiyuan Law Office, is among the first to subscribe to the bulletin. “The public distribution of the bulletin helps us a lot in our job,” he said.魏贵勤，北京惠元律师事务所所长，是第一批来征订公告的。
他说：“公告的公开发行对我们的工作帮助很大。
”The government of many other provinces and cities have also open ed their bulletins to the public, including Henan and Shanxi provinces, and cities such as Guangzhou, Wuhan, Qingdao and Yinchuan. The gov ernment of the bulletins are functionally the same as other official documents.许多别的省市也已经向公众公布了公告，如河南、陕西，城市如广州、武汉、青岛和银川。
政府公告与其它官方文件功能上是一样的。
Shanghai was the first city to open its bulletin to the public. Since the beginning of last year, the bulletins have been sent not on ly to major institutions and enterprises under the jurisdiction of th e municipal government, but also to 100 selected newspaper and magazi ne booths, 50 postal zones 50 Xinhua bookstores, where citizens can g et them for free. The bulletins have attracted the attention of many people, most of whom are lawyers and accountants.上海是第一个向公众公布了公告的城市。
自去年初，公告不仅通过市政府正常渠道发送到主要公共机构和企业，还发送到经挑选产生的100个报刊亭、50个邮政亭、50个新华书店，在那里市民可以免费取得公告。
公告已经引起许多公民的注意，其中大部分是律师和会计。
“Supermarket" of administrative Affairs政务超市Five years ago, Huang Songji, a laid-off female employee in Nanj ing, invesred 50000 yuan to set up a kindergarten. However, she was s oon asked to close down, as she failed to follow relevant procedures. She sought assistance at the Supermarket of Administrative Affairs, and with guidance by the staff, Huang quickly obtained all necessary procedures.五年前，黄松基，南京一名下岗女工，投资5 万元办了一个育儿园。