阅读理解之词义猜测题
阅读中有生词是难免的，而利用文章所提供的语境去 推测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考 必考的题型，一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇 可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代 内容。
常见的命题方式： The phrase “...” could be replaced by ________. The word “...” in the paragraph refers to ________. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean? Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？ Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？
词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义 的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词 法有： (1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所
以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑 的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往 往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利 用它们猜词义较容易。
The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A mapmaker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
(3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转 折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短 语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。
(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的 意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。
(2011·浙江高考，A篇)One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train，” she told the BBC.
It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computerbased locking systems for figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.