专升本英语语法辅导讲义我喜欢音乐。

I like music.我喜欢音乐以前。

I like to play basketball.我喜欢打篮球。

He is a good student that we all know.我们都知道他是一个好学生。

1.The author finds out that good intentions alone are not enough when his attempt to be kind to an old man leaves them both feeling worse than before.2.Most people do not realize, however, that it is the regular use of ”ordinary” physical punishment, and the cultural approval it enjoys, that lays the ground work for child abuse.The agency, ______to set and enforce health standard for American workers, has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.A .whose job it is B. whose job is C. whose D. whose is3.It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental.4. But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.第一章、时态和语态<主要是指谓语动词>一.时态⒈现在时(1)一般现在时He likes music.(2)现在进行时He is doing the housework.(3)现在完成时He has finished the work.(4)现在完成进行时He has been studying English for six years.注意：The house has been in bad repair since he lived in it.The house has been in bad repair since he moved out .The house has been in bad repair since he has lived in it.I haven’t eaten snails since I was a student at Indiana University.I haven’t eaten snails since I left Indiana University.I haven’t eaten snails since I have been a student at Indiana.⒉过去时(1)一般过去时He watched TV last night(2)过去进行时He was doing his homework at this time yesterday.(3)过去完成时<过去的过去>He had worked for six years before Marry joined the Army.(4)过去完成进行时He had been working for the factory before Marry joined the Army.⒊将来时(1)一般将来时I will study English next week.I shall study English next week.I am going to study English next week.I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.区别:will 和 be going to, be about to, be to 的区别如:If the metal is heated, it will expand.I am going to study English next week.I am about to study English next week.I am to study English next week.区别:be going to , be about to ,和be to 的区别如:Look , so many black clouds , it is going to rain.当有预先征兆的时候我们应该用be going to.(2)将来进行时I will be studying English at six o'clock tomorrow.如果是将来的一个具体时间我们可以用将来进行时.(3)过去将来时He said,"I will study English next week."He said that he would study English the next week.(4)将来完成时We will have finished the work by next year.43. By the end of last month, we ______ on this project for more than 6 weeks.（09）A) have worked B) had worked C) are working D) will work68. By the time you get there this afternoon, the film ____.(06\07)A) is to start B) is starting C) will start D) will have started44. We plan to finish the work on the 15th of next month. By then, we ___ for ten weeks.(05)A) are working B) have been worked C) were working D) will have worked60. By the end of this year, it _____ 16 years since the emergence of the World Wide Web as an electronic–publishing vehicle.(05)A) has been B) will have been C) will be D) had been特例:⒈He is always speaking to his mother like this.当表示一种埋怨和责备语气的时候用现在进行代替一般现在时.二.语态主动语态I wrote a letter yesterday.I will write the book.被动语态The letter was written by me yesterday.The book will be written by me.56. The professor was so popular that he _____ with enthusiasm.(07)A) always listened to B) always was listenedC) was always listened D) was always listened to特例:⒈ I made him cryHe was made to cry by me.⒉ I heard him sing the song yesterday.He was heard to sing the song by me yesterday.第二章、句子结构主谓宾定状补表同位I like music.<主谓宾>I gave you a bike.<双宾>I have a r ed pen.<定语>He studies hard.<程度状语>程度状语He studies english in the afternoon.<时间状语>时间状语He sings in the classroom<地点状语>He is late because he is ill.<原因状语>He goes to school by bus.<方式状语>If you come here he will come too.<条件状语>备注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时He came here to look after me.<目的状语>He got up so early that he caught the bus.<结果状语>He got up so early that he could catch the bus.<目的状语>He came here with a smile.<伴随状语>The Army walked in the street while people were dancing.<伴随状语>Although he is a little boy, he knows a lot. （让步状语）补语<宾补,主补>I call you Tom .<宾补>I find english easy.<宾补>sb. sb adj.You are called Tom.<主补>I am a student.<表语>I am excited.< 系表结构>同位语<同位主语,同位宾语>You two are foolish.<同位主语>I beat you two.<同位宾语>第三章、主从复合句<必须满足:⒈只有一个句号⒉主句和从句之间必须要有连接词，连接词有两个功能，一是起到连接从句，整体作为整个主句的一个成分，二是连接词本身在从句中单独也做一个成分⒊从句必须用正常语序>主语从句What your name is is not known.<主语从句>That he came here made us happy.<主语从句>宾语从句I do not know what your name is.<宾语从句>I find (that) English is easy.<宾语从句>52. The meeting was put off until next week, which was exactly ______ we wanted.(06)A) it B) which C) that D) what同位主语从句The news that he will come here makes us happy.<同位主语从句>The result whether the team has won the game is not known.<同位主语从句＞76. We have to face the fact ____ new computer viruses may appear at any time and it can spread across computers in a very rapid speed.（09）A) that B) it C) which D) what43. All _____ the people want are lasting peace and social progress.(05)A) what B) such C) those D) which50. The United Nations expressed the hope ___ the two sides should soon stop fighting in the area.(05)A) which B) that C) what D) when表语从句Money is what I want.<表语从句＞49. What the doctor advises me to do is ____ I must keep talking a well-balanced diet and regular exercises.（09）A) that B) whether C) which D) what名词性从句的特例＜whether 和if(是否）的区别＞⒈The question is whether the film is worth seeing <在表语从句中只能用whether不用if>⒉The news whether our team has won the watch is unknown.<在同位语从句中只能用whether>⒊Whether we will attend the meeting is unknown.<在主语从句中只能用whether>⒋It is unknown whether <if>we will attend the meeting.<当它转换成形式主语时两者都可以用＞⒌It all depends on whether we will support him.＜在介词后面只能用whether>⒍He does not know whether to stay or not.<如果是直接接动词不定式只能用whether>⒎He does not know whether (if) he should stay or not.<如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用＞⒏He did not know whether or not she has been ready.<如果是直接跟or not 只能用whether>⒐I wonder if /whether the news is true.<如果引导的是这种宾语从句两者皆可以用＞⒑He was not sure if/whether it is right or wrong.<参见第四种＞⒒I do not care if it does not rain.<如果宾语从句是否定句习惯上用if>状语从句If you come here he will come too.<条件状语从句>备注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中从句不能用将来时He is late because he is ill.<原因状语从句>He got up so early that he caught the bus.<结果状语从句>He got up so early that he could catch the bus.<目的状语从句>The Army walked in the street while people were dancing.＜伴随状语从句＞I came here when you went out.<时间状语从句＞I will go where our country most needs me.<地点状语从句＞I did the thing as you said.<方式状语从句＞44. He didn’t realize he had left the files in his customer’s office ______ he went back to the company.（09）A) if B) until C) unless D) since67. He will go abroad to further his study next year _________ he gets a scholarship or enough money. （09）A) if B) so C) till D) although73. ____ she joined the company only a year ago, she’s already been promoted twice.（09）A) Because B) If C) Although D) When42. John frequently attempts to escape being fined whenever he ____ traffic regulations.（08）A) breaks B) is breaking C) will break D) broke72._____we entered the hall, an attendant came up and offered us a list.（08）A) As long as B) As far as C) As well as D) As soon as78._______John is in rather poor health, he can hardly resist catching colds.（08）A) Although B) Since C) After D) opposed51. I ____ my breakfast when the morning post came.（07）A) was having B) had been having C) had D) am having62. ______ we were given the right address, we found her house easily.(06\07)A) Since B) Although C) If D) So54. Most of the graduating students have decided to go ______ they are most needed.(06)A) where B) which C) what D) how补语从句I put the book where it was.<状语从句，也可理解为补语从句＞A big room定语从句先行词关系词＜包括关系代词，关系副词＞关系代词：which that who whose whom as关系副词：where when why限制性定语从句This is the house (which) luxun lived in.=This is the house (that) luxun livedin.=This is the house in which luxun once lived.This is the house where luxun once lived.<瞻前顾后＞I saved the boy whose mother is my teacher.He is the man who saved the boy yesterday.He is the boy (whom) the man saved yesterday.I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.=I will never forget the day on which I joined the Army.This is the house where luxun once lived.I do not know the reason why he is late.45. I don’t k now _____ will make the final decision for our summer trip.（09）A) what B) which C) whom D) who52. In his speech he advice to____ was interested in the field of computer science.（09）A).that B).whoever C) whom D) whose79. Each ARS scientist ____ proposal was accepted will receive $80000 for two years of high-priority research.（09）A) who B) whose C) which D) what48. As to the election, please give your vote to ____ you think you can trust.（08）A) who B) whom C) one D) whoeveras⒈He is as(so) great a painter as ever lived.(as…as,so…as)⒉I bought such a watch as is shown on TV.<当such a 修饰先行词时用as>61. We hope that such a book _____ is helpful to our research work is on sale.(05)A) that B) as C) which D) till⒊I bought the same watch as （that）is shown on TV<当the same 修饰先行词时用as>⒋He is a good student, which (as) we all know.< 当在非限制性定语从句中代替前面的一句话时用as或which但一旦提前只能用as>例如：As we all know , he is a good student.非限制性定语从句I will go to Beijing , where there is a meeting.That 不能用于非限制定语从句He is a good student, which (as) we all know只有非限制性定语从句关系代词which\as才可以代替前面一句话59. _____ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.（09）A) As B) That C) Which D) What61. The mountains also prove to be a tourist attraction as some of the mountains experience alpine (高山的) conditions, _____ leads to ski resorts.（09）A) who B) which C) it D) that69. He was looking forward to the time _______ he would have to attend the interview.(06)A) where B) that C) why D) when定语从句的特例特例：一．如果先行词是all, sth, nothing, anything 等不定代词时或者先行词被only，最高级，序数词所修饰时，只能用that,不能用which例如：He told us all that he knew.He told us sth that he knew.He bought the first watch that was produced by the factory.He bought the most expensive watch that was produced by the factory.二．如果先行词又有人又有物只能用that例如：She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons that none of us has ever heard of.三．that 在下面情况下做了关系副词例如：I do not like the way that you speak to her.在这里that 可以换成in which 或者不填四、but 在定语从句中的用法（只能用于限制性定语从句，且必须同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物，but在意义上等于“that…not”，“who…not ”，“which…not”）There was not a single student in my class but(who did not) learnt a lot from him.我班上每一个学生都从他那里学到很多东西。