概况General Introduction to YinxuHello everyone, welcome to Anyang ,welcome to Yinxu. It’s my great honour to being your personal guide .First I will make a general introduction to this place .As the ancient capital city of later period of Shang Dynasty , Yin Ruins is more than 3,000 years old .Around 1300 BC ,the 20th Shang king Pangeng relocated their capital city here , present Anyang but historilly called Yin . It lasted 255 years ,12 kings for 8 generations . At last , in 1046 BC ,the city declined after the dynasty was overthrown . So the place became ruins, and was called Yinxu in the history. Therefore,today we call it Yinxu is just to mean the ruins of Yin Dynasty .(Yinxu in China ,is just like Pyramid in Eygpt , Harappa city site in India , and it’s the witness of the long history and splendid culture of China .)Well ,we see th e tablet ahead “ The Cradle Of Chinese Writing ”,it is to tell you Anyang is the birthplace of the Oracle Bone Inscription , just means the cradle of Chinese character .The Chinese character upward is written by our famous calligrapher Mr. Shengpeng.The gate was designed according to the pictograph “gate ” in Oracle Bone Inscription . The black decorative pattens obviously have the feature of the Shang times . Its designer is Mr. Yanghongyun , the famousexpert of ancient architecture of China . The five characters on the forehead were inscribed by Mr. Zhou Gucheng . Most important , you can see on both sides of the gate ---Gold sculptures, one of the earliest image of drago n . Of course ,it’s created according to one jade that excavated from Fuhao’s tomb. At last you will see the original place .Through the gate we can see the Great Simuwu Qua dripod , it’s the heaviest bronze vessel of all of the world up to now . But this one is two times enlarged ,a replica. In Chinese quadripod is called Ding , and symblizes power and different degrees.Okay , first we will go to see the Yinxu Museum .大殿：Now you have arrived at the Exibitionhall of the excavation history .First of all ,we see Wang Yirong .During Qing Dynasty , here were fields , the local person found a lot of ancient bones underground . They believed that the bones is a kind of Chinese medicine. Up to the year 1899 , the famous educationist Wang Yirong bought the Chinese medicine “drag o n bone” ,he found a lot of interesting inscriptions on it. He studied on it .Then we know this is the earlist character of China.After Wang Yirong , so many people studied on the interesting inscriptions, for example : Liu E ,Luo Zhenyu ,Wang Guowei , and Guo Moruo.Second , let’s see the back , you can know the formal exavation ofYinxu.From the year 1928 to present ,we have found the palace sites , the Royal Cemetry sites ,and a large number of Oracle Bones .Also you can see many tools the excavaters used. There are: Compass, calipers, a variety of kerosene lamps, cameras, radios, scales, test tubes, straw hat, water bottles, a variety of mining tools and so on .At the end ,this hall was built on the original site .YH127Next spot we’ll look at is the model of YH127 Deposit of oracle bones ,unearthed in 1936. The original deposit, weighed 6 ton, was divided into 17,096 fragments, including 8 pieces of ox bones, and 300 pieces of complete turtle shells. It recorded plenty of informations of agriculture, military affairs, politics and so on. It was named the world’s earliest library. At the bottom of the pit, there was a twisted human skeleton lying on his side on the oracle bones. The excavators held that this skeleton was buried at the same time with the oracle bones, and perhaps he was the person who was in charge of the oracle bones.On the walls, you can see the pictures taken at that time. You can find that the excavation of this pit is scientific. For it’s too big to be cleaned and sorted out in a short time in the field, the earth lump of the oracle bones was decided to be cased in a specially-made wooden box and carried toNanjing to continue the cleaning and sorting work in rooms. Since the box with bones weighed 6 tons, they organized 64 workers to carry it, from the excavation place to Anyang train station, they spent two days and nights. Then it was transported to Nanjing by train, and protected well when the staff opened the cover. According to the later research, the oracle bones of this pit all belong to the period of emperor Wuding. And the bones with characters written in red or black ink were found in this pit.There were also many shells of sea turtles found, the largest piece of shell is 44cm long and 35cm wide. The experts identified that it was from the Malay Island.车马坑展厅：Now we will enjoy the chariots of Shang Dynasty ---The Exibitionhall of chariots during Shang times.Coming into the exibitionhall we can see six chariots and a piece of road remains .They are original things ,but not the real place .During Shang times ,it was a slave society .People did not know what was death , they just thought they would went to the other world . So they would take the things together with them when they died . So the things here were burial things . More things in chariot symblize higher degrees .The two replecas will tell you how to use the chariots.The front part is called Heng , used as a steering wheel , the two crosses are called E ,used to hit the neck of the horses , the straight part called Yuan , is the carrige , with two wheels ,also have hide rounded , and it can make the chariots more comfortable .The straight one is earlier , the curve one is later . Of course , the later one is more comfortable .Also you can see a dragon head that indicates only kings or nobles can use it .妇好墓Out of the Exhibition Hall of No.YH127 oracle bone deposit pit, we’re going to visit FuHao’s Tomb. FuHao, who is the wife of emperor Wuding of the Shang dynasty, is the first woman general in Chinese recorded history. She was both intelligent and brave and good at martial arts. Once, she led 13,000 selected soldiers on northern, western and eastern expeditions and conquered over 20 states, after her death, Wuding buried her with a large number of funerary items, and built a temple hall on the munsoleum. For FuHao’s tomb was buried in the palace area, not in the mausoleum area, it remained complete for thousands of years, and is the only well-reserved tomb of Shang royal members. Through the way, you must be attracted by the sensational sculptures, such as dragon, pheonix and so on. Those are the copies of the wares in FuHao’s Tomb.Arriving at the square, we’ll see a beautiful status 3.5 meters high. That’s FuHao, our first woman general. She holds her favorite weapon yue. Ather back is the sacrificial hall. When Wuding missed her, he came here. This way please, we’ll go down into the tomb to visit. The FuHao’s tomb was unearthed in 1976, 5.6m long, 4m wide and 7.5m deep. It’s burial chamber under the foundation was in the shape of a shaft with many kinds of funerary objects buried in 7 layers. There were over 1928 pieces of objects unearthed from the tomb, including bronze vessels, jade wares, stone wares, bone implements, potteries and so on. In addition, there were over 6880 cowries. In 1999, FuHao’s tomb was restored.Out of FuHao’s tomb, in the north stands the stone to memory Chairman Mao’s inspection in 1952, see, our leader has paid much attention to the Yin Ruins.Now, my commentary is over, thank you for your listening all the way, and welcome your visit next time, thanks again!。