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肿瘤病理学课 ppt课件


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Controls of Growth:
• Cytokines: Cyclins, Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK).
• Growth factors – PDGF, FGF • Growth Inhibitors. • Cancer suppressor genes – p53 • Oncogenes – c-onc, p-onc, v-onc etc.
肿瘤病理学
Pathology of Neoplasia
基础医学研究所病理生物学研究室
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• 肿瘤是目前死亡常见原因之一。 • 恶性肿瘤是男性第二位死因,女性
第三位主要死因。 • 我国最常见恶性肿瘤:
城市:肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、肠癌 和乳癌
农村:胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管 癌、肠癌
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基本概念
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Neoplastic
(Monoclonal)
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Structure of Neoplasm:
• Neoplastic cells parenchyma.
• Non-neoplastic - stroma (Connective tissue & BV)
• Fast growth less stroma • Less stroma more necrosis,
Lung cancer: Squamus cell carcinoma. Poorly differentiated, high grade, stage 4, Liver+
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Benign
• Slow growing,
Malignant:
• Fast growing,
• capsulated,
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3. 生长方式: 良性肿瘤:外生性生长 恶性肿瘤:浸润性生长
4. 生长速度: 良性肿瘤生长慢 恶性肿瘤生长快
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Mechanism of Neoplams
Normal Adaptation Benign Malignant
Non-Neoplastic
(Polyclonal)
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Neoplasia:
• Progressive, Purposeless, Pathologic, Proliferation of cells characterized by loss of control over cell division.
• DNA damage at growth control genes is central to development of neopiology of Neoplasm:
• Cell of origin • Rate of growth • Differentiation • Local Invasion • Metastasis
• Lung cancer • Grade - low, high • Well, Mod, P, Un. • Staging • Staging
• Carcinogens – Chemical, physical & genetic DNA damage Neoplasm.
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Pathogenesis of Neoplasia:
• Normal Hyperplasia Metaplasia化生 (DNA damage) Dysplasia 异常增生 (DNA damage) (DNA damage) Anaplasia 间变 (DNA damage) Infiltration 浸润 (DNA damage) Metastasis转移….
• non capsulated,
• Non-invasive
• Invasive & Infiltrate
• do not metastasize, • Metastasize.
• well differentiated, • poorly differentiated,
• suffix “oma” eg. • Suffix “Carcinoma”
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肿瘤的慨念
肿瘤是机体中正常细胞,在不同始动与促 进因素长期作用下所产生的增生与异常 分化所形成的新生物。
肿瘤的特点
新生物一旦形成,不因病因消除而停止增 生。它不受机体生理调节,而是破坏正 常组织与器官。
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Introduction:
• Inflammatory, Degenerative & Neoplastic • Growth – Increase in size due to synthesis of
病理
1. 恶性肿瘤的发生发展过程
一般致癌因素作用30~40年,经10年左右的 癌前阶段恶变为原位癌。
原位癌历时3~5年,在促癌因素作用下发展 成浸润癌。
浸润癌的病程一般1年左右。
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2.肿瘤细胞的分化
分为高分化、中分化、低(未)分化。
组织化学的变化:
(1)核酸增多(2)酶的改变(3)糖原减少
tissue components. • Proliferatation- Cell division. • Differentiation: functional and structural
maturity of cells. • Tumor – Swelling / new growth / mass
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Non-Neoplastic Proliferation:
*Controlled & Reversible
• Hypertrophy 肥大 – Size • Hyperplasia 增生– Number • Metaplasia 化生– Change • Dysplasia 异常增生– Disordered
• Progressive DNA Damage – features of neoplasia.
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Pathogenesis of Neoplasia:
• Non lethal DNA Damage leading to uncontrolled cell division.
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