第二讲句法类错误考点1主谓一致误用[典例1](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.[考场思维](1)根据and之前的is，可判断include的时态。
(2)找出include的主语：that。
(3)尝试解答：include→includes[典例2](浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.[考场思维](1)主谓判断：主语是we；谓语动词应该使用复数。
(2)尝试解答：was→were[过关检测]1．She took the lift to the eleventh floor, and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was.was→were 2．(2019·长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.know→knows 3．(2019·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.learn→learns 4．My village lie in the mountains in southwest China.lie→lies 5．I, together with him, were going to do just what we had discussed.were→was 6．Selling newspapers not only makes some money but also give us some working experience during the summer vacation.give→gives [技法点金]1．判断主谓语是关键①可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
②动词-ing形式、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
注意：名词性从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。
③就近原则常见的有：either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., there be等。
④就远原则常见的有：together with，as well as，but，except等。
⑤在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数。
⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。
2．附加成分是难点对于分隔现象，可利用“减一减”原则：先从整体上把握主干，再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成分等分隔干扰部分，使结构简化。
考点2从句误用[典例1](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.[考场思维](1)结构分析：先行词是the historical environment，定语从句中缺少主语，故用that或which。
what可以引导宾语从句、表语从句等，但不可以引导定语从句。
(2)尝试解答：what→that/which[典例2](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people.[考场思维](1)结构分析：从句式看，afraid后不是宾语从句；afraid后的动词不定式是原因状语。
(2)尝试解答：去掉afraid后的that[过关检测]1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.which→where或在which前加in 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.that→which 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in this/the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.they→that/which 4．(四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.what→that/which或去掉what 5．(全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.that→where 6．(全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.how→what7．(2019·湖北四地七校二月联考)Can you understand that the teachers say in class and communicate freely with your classmates now？that→what 8．(2019·山西五地市高三联考)When we arrived at the park, we were amazed at that we saw.that→what [技法点金]1．关注定语从句中只用which不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句时。
The building, which attracts many visitors, is designed by my father.②位于介词后面时。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which they live.2．明辨关系代词和关系副词误用引导词用关系代词还是关系副词关键还是看先行词在从句中作的成分。
若引导词作状语，则使用关系副词(when代指时间，where代指地点，why代指原因)；若引导词作主语、宾语、定语等成分，则使用关系代词。
3．理清that/which和whose的误用that/which在定语从句中作主语、宾语等成分，而whose在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。
4．牢记that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句中通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词＋that”。
Test 1Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive them.I have been getting my birthday presents but none of which have been remarkable so far.My parents always give me books which is fine but ordinary.Then, on my seventeen birthday, I got the best present ever.There was a white envelope.I opened it and find a key and a note.“Happy birthday, my dear nephew！”was written on hand.It was from his Aunt Jess.I looked at the key more closely but I realized it was a car key.This was best present.I became the owner of my own car thanks to my generously aunt.Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive ①them＼.I havebeen getting my birthday presents but none ofwhich②themhave been remarkable so far.My parentsalways give me books whichis③arefine but ordinary.Then, on myseventeen④seventeenthbirthday, I gotthe best present ever.There was a white envelope.I opened it andfind⑤founda key and a note.“Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was writtenon⑥byhand.It was fromhis⑦myAunt Jess.Ilooked at the key more closelybut⑧andI realized it was a car key.This was∧⑨thebest present.Ibecame the owner of my own car thanks to my generously⑩generousaunt.①删除them。
解析：考查定语从句。
they receive是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the presents, 关系词在从句中作receive的宾语，所以them多余。
②which→them。
解析：考查代词。