兰州大学2007年考博英语试题注意：答案请一律写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。

Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%)Directions：In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two, you are to choose the one that can beat complete the sentence in question.Section I1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcassesA. destroyB. identifyC. removeD. compare2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairsA. outlandishB. remote C exempted D. exclusive3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- orsoap-making cither would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the system was strengthenedA. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. outcome5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North America were formedA. meltedB. advanced C evaporated D. exploded6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrowsA. a fortuneB. a dimeC. muchD. quite lot7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. subsequentlyC. randomlyD. mercilessly8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are DormantA. unchartedB. unpredictableC. minorD. inactive10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A. independent ofB. nearC. obscured byD. within11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.A. criticalB. unusualC. persistentD. unexpected12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.A. prospectB. stagesC. aspectD. activity13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.A. requiringB. sendingC. buyingD. applying15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend16. In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B. protruding C. provoking D. protracting17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. nourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonable20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typicallywears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21. Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A. when scientists began to appreciateB. did scientists begin to appreciateC. scientists who were beginning to appreciateD. the appreciation of scientists began22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness.A. widely used it C. which widely usedB. was widely used D. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____ by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.A. was administered C. was accomplishedB. being directedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. andD. because25. ___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas.A. AsB. DespiteC. ThoughD. In case26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. evolvedD. resulted27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.A. located B- secluded C formed D. spotted28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we in society.A. to determineB. determineC. to the determinationD. by determining31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.A. withB. inC. byD. at32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the messageC. messagesD. information33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. as being more firmlyD. as is more firmly34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.A was B. because C. to which D. an35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that ‘‘example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. proverbD. precept37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored,_____sometimes they are white, various shades of brown or black.A but that B. though C. however D. therefore38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39. ___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations,_____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus itPart Two TranslationSection I (From English into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedMoore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog computer working on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. “It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on analysis, proved sound," Shannon comments.(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “learn” because it is so programmed that it follows the Boolean algebra pattern, discovering by sadexperience that one thing or another doesn't work and profiting by mistake. One ofShannon's more fantastic triumphs is t he magnetized ‘"mouse” which, when placedin a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and theonly path to the “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly aroundrunning into one wall after another. Eventually，by repeated try and error, it willlocate the cheese.If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese withouthitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from any part of the maze. (3) Moreover, ifits trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blundersonly where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions thathave not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former arrangements and remember only the latest, successful ones.(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinkingdone by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does havethe ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on thebasis of its own experience.Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one.The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On theever will is still an open argumentSectionII (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedsentences into English. (20%)在中国的西北边陲，在新疆的天山南北，有一支拥有百万军垦战士，肩负“屯垦戍边”使命的接师，——新疆生产建设兵团。