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抗磷脂抗体综合征(,APS)
• When testing for aPL is indicated, testing for LA and for IgG antibodies to b2GPI should be performed. The latter can be detected either by an IgG aCL ELISA or an IgGanti-b2GPI ELISA (2C). An aCL ELISA may detect antibodies to other phosphoilipid binding proteins as well as anti-b2GPI. • In patients with thrombosis, measuring IgM antibodies does not add useful information (2B). • In patients with pregnancy morbidity, the role of IgM antibodies is unclear (2C). • Testing for IgA antibodies is not recommended (1B). • When assessing clinical significance account should be taken of whether the patient has LA, aCL/anti-b2GPI, or both and of the isotype and titre in the solid phase tests (1B).
(Kininogens) • 大分子量激肽原
(Kininogens)
磷脂起重要作用环节: ①组织因子(TF)-活化因子VI------------外源性凝血(APTT) ②激活因子IX和因子X; 活化因子IX与因子VIII,激活因子X-内源性凝血(PT) ③活化因子X与因子V激活凝血酶原-共同途径(RVVT、PT、APTT)
狼疮抗凝物(lupus anticoagulant test)
参考值:狼疮抗凝物比值(SLC-R)=0.8~1.2。 狼疮抗凝物比值(SLC-R)=狼疮抗凝物质筛选试验检测值(SLC-S)/确诊试验检测值(SLC-C)
RVVT
APTT( activated partial thromboplastin time ):
management uncertain
LGBSS
High-dose IVIG at 400-1500 mg/kg/day for several IVIG at 400-1500 mg/kg/d for several
days
days
aPL Antibodies Without APS No treatment
loss or thrombosis
aspirin or daily treatment with prophylactic doses low-dose aspirin; optimal management
of heparin plus low-dose aspirin; optimal
uncertain
stroke
cross the placenta)
maintain international normalized ratio
of =3
APS without prior pregnancy No treatment or daily treatment with low-dose No treatment or daily treatment with
活化Ⅻ
RVVT( russell viper venom time)
以下情况应立即检查 ------有无APA
不能解释的反复血栓形成 无诱因的大脑或心肌梗塞 少见部位的静脉栓塞 第2、3阶段的妊娠失败
Which tests should be done? LA is the most predictive test for thrombosis and the presence of IgG aCL or IgG anti-b2GPI in those who are Lapositive increases the specificity. There is nothing to suggest that measuring IgM antibodies in patients with thrombosis adds useful information. Tests should be repeated after an interval of 12 weeks to demonstrate persistence.
2019/12/10
19
分子模拟
一些病毒和细菌多肽有与2-GPⅠ第五功能区GDKV相似的功能和 序列,能诱导抗磷脂抗体的产生 ,特点是其中有一组赖氨酸序列, 其侧面至少有一处具有磷酸残基 。
肽段 GDKV
序
列
GDKVSFFCKNKEKKC
来源 2-GP1
TADL TADLAIASKKKKKRPSPKPE
Meroni, P. L. et al. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 7, 330–339 (2011)
Who? Where? What? When? How?
Livedo reticularis
Who? Where? What?诊断标准 When? How?
白陶土、脑磷脂、Ca2+ →血浆
活化Ⅻ
RVVT( russell viper venom time): Russel 蟒蛇毒、脑磷脂、Ca2+ →血浆
活化Ⅹ
PT( prothrombin time ): 组织因子、磷脂、Ca2+ →血浆
活化Ⅶ
ACT( activated clotting ttime): 白陶土→全血
to high level of
aCL IgG
Who? Where? What? When? How?
APS孕妇处理
①既往无流产史,或妊娠前10周发生的流产,通常以小剂量阿司匹林治疗; ②既往有妊娠10周后流产病史,在确认妊娠后,皮下注射肝素5000 U,每天2次,直至分娩前停用; ③既往有血栓史。在妊娠前就开始用肝素或LMWH抗凝治疗,在妊娠期不用华法令 ④产后治疗。由于产后3个月内发生血栓的风险极大,故产后应该继续抗凝治疗6-12周;如果可能, 在产后2.3周内可以把肝素改为华法令
CH2 00CR1
CH2 00CR2 0
CH2 0 P X 0
心磷脂X为磷脂酸 磷脂酰丝氨酸X为丝氨酸 磷脂酸X为H 磷脂酰乙醇胺X为乙醇胺 磷脂酰肌醇X为肌醇 磷脂酰胆碱X为胆碱
血浆磷脂结合蛋白的分类
• 2-GPⅠ • 凝血酶原 • AnnexinⅤ • 蛋白C • 蛋白S • 小分子量激肽原
体内促凝,体外抗凝?
1.PT、APTT、RVVT的设计并不是为APS?考察凝血因子 2.如何DD DIC、TTP
恶性抗磷脂抗体综合征 (Catastrophic APS)
CAPS occurs in w1% of patients with APS but has a 50% mortality rate. 经典APS以大、中血管血栓栓塞为主,多系统受累少见。CAPS以微小血管血栓栓塞为主。CAPS主要临床特点是广 泛的血管栓塞事件导致急性多器官功能障碍;受损/坏死组织释放细胞因子等炎性介质导致全身性炎症反应
AdnV
TIFI TIFILFCCSKEKRKKKQAAT VITT VITTILYYRRKKKSPSDT
CMV CMV
SGDF SGDFEYTYKGKKKKMAFATS Bacillus subtilis
抗磷脂综合征(antiphospholipid syndrome,APS)
是一种非炎症性自身免疫病,l临床上以动脉、静脉血栓形成,病态妊娠(妊娠早期流产和中晚期死胎)和 血小板减少等症状为表现,血清中存在抗磷脂抗体(antiphospholipid antibody,aPL),上述症状可以单独 或多个共同存在。
抗磷脂抗体综合征 ( Antiphospholipid syndrome,APS)
内蒙古医科大学风湿免疫科 李鸿斌
Who? Where? What? When? How?
Who? Acl?APS? Where? What? When? How?
抗磷脂抗体(aPL)的定义 是一组具有多种异质性的抗体,识别与带负电、中性、两性磷脂结合的多种血浆蛋白, aPL除了见于自身免疫病外,也常见于特发性多发性流产、非自身免疫性疾病的静脉血栓、 中风、以及慢性免疫性血小板减少。
Acl从何而来?
感染因素 遗传因素 分子模拟与独特型网络
遗传因素
家族聚集倾向
1980年Exner等报道了3个LA阳性的家系 Matthay等报道了由4例患者组成的家系 Jolidon等报道了一个家庭有3例PAPS
遗传因素
2-GPⅠ基因的单核苷酸多态性
4个基因的多态性已经确定 : 88位Ser/Asn 247位Leu/Val 306位Cys/Gly 316位Trp/Ser
Autoimmunity Reviews 11 (2012) 288–295
Pregnant
Nonpregnant
Heparin in prophylactic doses (15,000-20,000 U of Optimal management uncertain; options
unfractionated heparin or equivalent per day) include no treatment or daily treatment
administered subcutaneously in divided doses with low-dose aspirin