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英语语法:反义疑问句专项讲解

反义疑问句一、反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句。

反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。

1.陈述部分为肯定式+疑问部分为否定式(如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式)e.g.She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?Tom dislikesthebook,doesn’t he?2.陈述部分为否定式+疑问部分为肯定式(陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等否定或半否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定式。

)e.g.Hecan’t ride abike, can he?Someplantsnever blown (开花),dothey?二、附加疑问句(一)主语的选择1.陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren't I.I’mas tall as your sister, aren't I?注:当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。

如:I find English very interesting, don’tyou?I don’t like that film,doyou?2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone,nobody, no one, someb ody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they,亦可用he,如:Somebody phonedwhileIwas out,didn’t they?Everyone enjoyed theparty,didn’t they?Nobody wants togo there, does he?3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything, something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,如:Everything seems all rightnow, doesn’t it?Nothing is kept ingood order, is it?Something mustbedoneto stoppollution, isn’t it?4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they,如:This isimportant, isn’t it?That isn’t correct,is it?These are your friendsTom and Jack, aren’tthey?5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合下可以用you或he,如:One can’tbe too careful,can one?或can you?One should do his duty, shouldn’t he?6.当陈述句为therebe结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。

如:There’s no help for it,isthere?There’ssomething wrong, isn’tthere?7.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。

如:She saysthatI didit,doesn’t she?Itoldthem not everybody could do it,didn’t I?但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think,believe,suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。

Isuppose that he’s seriousisn’t he?Idon’tthinkshecares,does she?8.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。

如: XiaoLin hasbeen writing lettersall afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn’t he?9.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分的主语一般用you。

如:Don’t open the door, willyou?Give me some cigarettes,canyou?Take a rest, why don’t you?但以let’s开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以letus开头的祈使句,如果含义是allowus,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。

如:Let’s have a basketballmatch this afternoon,shall we?Let us goout for a rest, will you?10.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。

如:Learning howtorepair motorstakes a long time,doesn’t it?Betweensix and seven will suit you,won’t it?Wheretoholdthe meeting hasnot beendecided,has it?(二)谓语动词的选择1.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn’t。

如:Youmust work hard next term, mustn’tyou?Imust answer theletter,mustn’t I?但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。

如:You musthavemade a mistake, haven’t you?They musthaveseenthe film lastweek, didn’t they?He must be in the library,isn’the?2.当陈述部分含有used to时,疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。

如: The old manused tosmoke, didn’t/usedn’t he?Tom used to live here,usedn’t /didn’t he?3.当陈述部分带有情态动词oughtto时,疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。

如: Heought to know theanswer, oughtn’the?We ought to read this book,oughtn’t/ shouldn’twe?4.当陈述部分含有情态动词dare或need时,疑问部分常用need/dare +主语。

We need notdoit again,needwe ?He dare not say so, dareyou?但当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。

She doesn't dare to go homealone,doesshe?5.当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用hadn’t。

如:You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?6.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。

如:What a cleverboy, isn’t he?What a lovelyday,isn’t it?7.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时,附加疑问句用may,且用肯定形式。

如:I wish to have a chanceto learn English, may I?8.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。

如:You have anew bike, haven’t you(或don’t you)?Shedoesn’thave anymoneyin her pocket, does she?9.陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。

如:We have to get there ateight tomorrow, don't we?10.陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。

如:He wouldrather read it ten times thanrecite it, wouldn'the?11.陈述部分有You'd liketo+v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

如:You'dlike to go with me,wouldn'tyou?12.陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neitheryou norI amengineer,are we?13.在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。

如:Oh, he is a writer, is he?You’ll not go,won’tyou?(三)反义疑问句的回答对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。

例:—He likes playing football,doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?—Yes,he does. / No, hedoesn’t.是的,他喜欢。

/ 不是,他不喜欢。

当陈述句部分是否定结构,附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。

这种回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。

—Hissister didn’t attend the meeting, did she?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?—Yes, she did. / No,shedidn’t. 不,她参加了。

/ 是的,她没参加。

反义疑问句练习1.Lindaate nothingthis morning, ___?A. didn’t she B. was sheC.didsheD. wasn’t she2.There’s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there?A.no, isn’t B.some, is C. little, isn’t D.any,is3. Hehas never ridden a horse before,___?A.does he B.hashe C. hasn’t heD.doesn’the4. — He seldom camehere, _____? —Yessir.A.didn’t he B. does he C. doesn’t heD. di dhe5.Everything seems all right, _____ ?A.doesit B. don’t they C.won’titD. doesn’t it7.One can’tbe too modest, can _____ ?A. one B. he C.it D.we8. No one failedin the exam,_____ ?A. washe B. did oneC.didthey D.didn’t he10. Neither you nor I am a artist,_____?A.am IB. aren’t we C.are weD. ain’t I11. He can’tbe her father, _____ he?A.is B. isn’tC.can D. can’t12. They have no timetovisit the museum, _____?A.do they B. haven’t they C. don’t theyD.will they14. You’d better goat once, _____you?A. hadn’tB. did C. didn’t D. don’t15. You’d rather work thanplay, _____ you?A. hadn’tB. wouldn’tC.didn’t D.mustn’t16. Youdare not do that, _____you?A.don’tB. doC. dareD. daren’t18. He dislikes thetwo subjects, _____ he?A. does B. doesn’tC. is D. isn’t19. These tools are useless now, _____ ?A. arethey B. aren’t they C.is itD. isn’tit20. He used to get up at 6:30,_____ he?A.didn’t heB. didhe C.usedhe D.wouldn’t he22. Heought towinthefirst prize,_______he?A. mustn’tB. oughtn’tC. shouldn’tD. Both B and C.23.Let’s go there by bus,___?A. will youB. shallweC. don’t you D.will you24.Letus go to play football,___?A.will youB. shallwe C. do we D. are we25. Don’tforget to give Polly some food and change her water, ___?A. will you B. shall weC. won’t you D. do you26.—Let’s go shopping this afternoon, _____?—All right. A. will we B.shall we C. don’twe D. are we27. — Passmethe dictionary, _____?—Yes, withpleasure.A.would you B.will you C.won’t you D.wouldn’t you30. There is littlewater in theglass,____?A.isn’tthere B. isn’t itC.isit D. is there32.Therewon’tbe anyconcertthisSaturdayevening,_____ ?A. will there notB.will there C.is there D. won’t33.— I guessshetaughtherself Japanese, ______?—Yes. A.don’t IB.did she C. doI D. didn’tshe34. Idon’t believe youareright, _____?A. are you B.do you C. won’t you D. do35. Shedoesn’tthink that Tomsingsbest inthe class,_____ ? A.does she B.doesn’t she C. does heD. doesn’t he37. I know youdidn’t want to hurt me,_____?A. didyouB.didn’t you C. doI D. don’t I38.If my father were here,hewouldbe veryhappy, _____ ?A. weren’t heB. werehe C. wouldn’t he D.wouldhe--。

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